Compositions and methods for water and gas shut-off in subterranean wells with VES fluids
Viscoelastic surfactant (VES) based fluid systems for zone isolation and flow control are effective in water and/or gas shutoff applications. The fluid systems may include brine, a viscosity enhancer, as well as the VES, and optionally a stabilizer for high temperature applications. The stabilizer may be an alkali earth metal oxide, alkali earth metal hydroxide, alkali metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide, Al 2 O 3 , and mixtures thereof. The viscosity enhancer may include pyroelectric particles, piezoelectric particles, and mixtures thereof. The fluid system is easy to pump into the formation, and after pumping, the fluid system will generate very high viscosities to prevent the VES fluid from flowing back to stop undesirable water and/or gas production.
1. A method for permanently inhibiting the flow of water and/or gas in a subterranean formation comprising:
injecting into the subterranean formation wherein water and/or gas zones and flow channels are present, an aqueous viscoelastic treating fluid comprising:
brine,
at least one viscoelastic surfactant, and
at least one viscosity enhancer selected from the group consisting of pyroelectric particles, piezoelectric particles, and mixtures thereof, and
at least one stabilizer selected from the group consisting of alkali earth metal oxides, alkali earth metal hydroxides, alkali metal oxides, alkali metal hydroxides, Al 2 O 3 , ZnO, TiO 2 , MgO and mixtures thereof, and
an absence of an internal breaker; and
permitting the aqueous viscoelastic treating fluid to form a viscous plug in the subterranean formation and of a sufficient viscosity thereby permanently inhibiting the production of water and/or gas from the zones and flow channels while letting oil be produced.
2. The method of claim 1 where the subterranean formation is at a temperature greater than about 180° F. (82° C.).
3. The method of claim 2 where the stabilizer is present in an amount of ranging from about 0.5 to about 40.0 pptg (about 0.06 to about 4.8 kg/1000 liters) based on aqueous viscoelastic treating fluid.
4. The method of claim 2 where in the stabilizer, the alkali earth metal is selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and mixtures thereof, and the alkali metal is selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium and mixtures thereof.
5. The method of claim 2 where the stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of MgO, TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and mixtures thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 where the viscosity enhancer is selected from the group consisting of ZnO, berlinite (AlPO 4 ), lithium tantalate (LiTaO 3 ), gallium orthophosphate (GaPO 4 ), BaTiO 3 , SrTiO 3 , Pb(ZrTi)O 3 , KNbO 3 , LiNbO 3 , LiTaO 3 , BiFeO 3 , Na x WO 3 , Ba 2 NaNb 5 O 5 , Pb 2 KNb 5 O 15 , potassium sodium tartrate, tourmaline, topaz and mixtures thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 where the viscosity enhancer is present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to about 500 pptg (about 0.012 to about 60 kg/m 3 ) based on the total aqueous viscoelastic treating fluid.
8. A method for permanently inhibiting the flow of water and/or gas in a subterranean formation comprising:
injecting into the subterranean formation wherein water and/or gas zones and flow channels are present, an aqueous viscoelastic treating fluid comprising:
brine,
at least one viscoelastic surfactant,
at least one stabilizer selected from the group consisting of alkali earth metal oxides, alkali earth metal hydroxides, alkali metal oxides, alkali metal hydroxides, Al 2 O 3 , ZnO, TiO 2 , MgO and mixtures thereof, and
at least one viscosity enhancer selected from the group consisting of pyroelectric particles, piezoelectric particles, and mixtures thereof having a size ranging from about 1 nanometer to about 5 microns, and
an absence of an internal breaker; and
permitting the aqueous viscoelastic treating fluid to form a viscous plug in the subterranean formation and of a sufficient viscosity thereby permanently inhibiting the production of water and/or gas from the zones and flow channels while letting oil be produced.
9. The method of claim 8 where the subterranean formation is at a temperature greater than about 180° F. (82° C.), where the alkali earth metal is selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and mixtures thereof, and the alkali metal is selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium and mixtures thereof.
10. The method of claim 9 where the stabilizer is present in an amount ranging from about 0.5 to about 40.0 pptg (about 0.06 to about 4.8 kg/1000 liters) based on aqueous viscoelastic treating fluid.
11. The method of claim 9 where the stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of MgO, TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and mixtures thereof.
12. The method of claim 8 where the viscosity enhancer is selected from the group consisting of ZnO, berlinite (AlPO 4 ), lithium tantalate (LiTaO 3 ), gallium orthophosphate (GaPO 4 ), BaTiO 3 , SrTiO 3 , Pb(ZrTi)O 3 , KNbO 3 , LiNbO 3 , LiTaO 3 , BiFeO 3 , Na x WO 3 , Ba 2 NaNb 5 O 5 , Pb 2 KNb 5 O 15 , potassium sodium tartrate, tourmaline, topaz and mixtures thereof.
13. The method of claim 8 where viscosity enhancer is present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to about 500 pptg (about 0.012 to about 60 kg/m 3 ) based on the total aqueous viscoelastic treating fluid.
14. A method for permanently inhibiting the flow of water and/or gas in a subterranean formation comprising:
injecting into the subterranean formation wherein water and/or gas zones and flow channels are present an aqueous viscoelastic treating fluid comprising:
brine,
from about 0.5 to 12.0% by volume of the total aqueous fluid (5 to 120 gptg) of at least one viscoelastic surfactant,
from about 0.5 to about 40.0 pptg (about 0.06 to about 4.8 kg/1000 liters) based on aqueous fluid of at least one stabilizer selected from the group consisting of alkali earth metal oxides, alkali earth metal hydroxides, alkali metal oxides, alkali metal hydroxides, Al 2 O 3 , ZnO, TiO 2 , MgO and mixtures thereof, and
from about 0.1 to about 500 pptg (about 0.012 to about 60 kg/m 3 ) based on the total aqueous fluid of at least one viscosity enhancer selected from the group consisting of pyroelectric particles, piezoelectric particles, and mixtures thereof, and
an absence of an internal breaker; and
permitting the aqueous viscoelastic treating fluid to form a viscous plug in the subterranean formation and of a sufficient viscosity thereby inhibiting the production of water and/or gas from the zones and flow channels while letting oil be produced.
15. The method of claim 14 where in the stabilizer, the alkali earth metal is selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and mixtures thereof, and the alkali metal is selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium and mixtures thereof.
16. The method of claim 14 where the stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of MgO, TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and mixtures thereof.
17. The method of claim 14 where the viscosity enhancer has a size ranging from about 1 nanometer to about 5 microns.
18. The method of claim 14 where the viscosity enhancer is selected from the group consisting of ZnO, berlinite (AlPO 4 ), lithium tantalate (LiTaO 3 ), gallium orthophosphate (GaPO 4 ), BaTiO 3 , SrTiO 3 , Pb(ZrTi)O 3 , KNbO 3 , LiNbO 3 , LiTaO 3 , BiFeO 3 , Na x WO 3 , Ba 2 NaNb 5 O 5 , Pb 2 KNb 5 O 15 , potassium sodium tartrate, tourmaline, topaz and mixtures thereof.