Use of gallium to treat biofilm-associated infections
The invention provides methods, compositions, and kits for treatment or prevention of biofilm-associated infections in an individual. Methods of the invention include administration of a gallium-containing composition for treatment of an established biofilm or prevention of formation of a biofilm. Some methods include administration of a gallium-containing composition in conjunction with an antibiotic substance. Some methods include treatment or prevention of an orally-associated biofilm with a gallium-containing composition in the form of a dentrifice, mouthwash, or chewing gum composition.
1 . A method for treating a biofilm in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a gallium-containing composition to the individual, wherein said biofilm is at least at one site selected from the group consisting of the bladder, the kidney, the heart, the middle ear, the sinuses, the skin, a joint, subcutaneous tissue, soft tissue, vascular tissue, and the eye.
2 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the biofilm is associated with a biofilm-associated urinary tract infection.
3 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein spread of the biofilm-associated infection to another site in the individual is inhibited.
4 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the biofilm comprises at least one Gram-negative bacterial species.
5 . A method according to claim 4 , wherein the biofilm comprises Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Branhamella, Campylobacteria, Escherichia coli, Enterobacteria, Pasteurella, Proteus, Klebsiella, Neisseria, Salmonella, Shigella, or Serratia.
6 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the biofilm comprises at least one Gram-positive bacterial species.
7 . A method according to claim 6 , wherein the biofilm comprises Bacillus, Corynebacteria, Clostridium, Enterococcus, Listeria, Staphylococcus, or Streptococcus.
8 . A method according to claim 1 , further comprising administering an antibiotic substance to the individual.
9 . A method according to claim 8 , wherein said antibiotic substance is selected from the group consisting of ciproflaxin, ampicillin, azithromycin, cephalosporin, doxycycline, gentamycin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, tetracycline, tobramycin, vancomycin, amikacin, deftazidime, cefepime, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, piperacillin/tazobactam, aztreanam, meropenem, colistin, and chloramphenicol.
10 . A method according to claim 8 , wherein said gallium-containing composition and said antibiotic substance act synergistically to treat said biofilm.
11 . A method according to claim 8 , wherein said gallium-containing composition and said antibiotic substance act additively to treat said biofilm.
12 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein said gallium-containing composition comprises a coordination complex in the form of a neutral 3:1 (hydroxypyrone:gallium) complex in which each hydroxypyrone molecule is either unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, or three C 1 -C 6 alkyl substituents.
13 . A method according to claim 12 , wherein each hydroxypyrone molecule is selected from the group consisting of 3-hydroxy-4-pyrone, 3-hydroyx-2-methyl-4-pyrone, 3-hydroxy-2-ethyl-4-pyrone, and 3-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-pyrone.
14 . A method according to claim 13 , wherein each hydroxypyrone molecule is 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone.
15 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the gallium-containing composition is administered parenterally.
16 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the gallium-containing composition is administered orally.
17 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the gallium-containing composition is administered locally or topically.
18 . A method according to claim 17 , wherein the gallium-containing composition is administered locally to the eye as ophthalmic eye drops.
19 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the biofilm is associated with chronic bacterial vaginosis.
20 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the biofilm is associated with bacterial keratitis.
21 . A method according to claim 8 , wherein the gallium-containing composition and the antibiotic substance are administered simultaneously.
22 . A method according to claim 8 , wherein the gallium-containing composition and the antibiotic substance are administered sequentially.
23 . A method for treating an orally-associated biofilm in an individual, comprising contacting an oral surface with a therapeutically effective amount of a gallium-containing composition.
24 . A method according to claim 23 , said method comprising preventing formation of a biofilm in said individual by administration of a prophylactically effective amount of said gallium-containing composition.
25 . A method according to claim 24 , wherein the orally-associated biofilm is dental plaque located on a tooth.
26 . A method according to claim 24 , wherein the gallium-containing composition is formulated as a dentrifice.
27 . A method according to claim 26 , wherein said dentrifice is a toothpasate composition.
28 . A method according to claim 23 , wherein said biofilm is located on the tongue, oral mucosa, or gum.
29 . A method according to claim 23 , wherein the gallium-containing composition is formulated as a mouthwash, a chewing gum, a paint, a foam, a gel, or a varnish.
30 . A method according to claim 23 , wherein said gallium-containing composition comprises a coordination complex in the form of a neutral 3:1 (hydroxypyrone:gallium) complex in which each hydroxypyrone molecule is either unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, or three C 1 -C 6 alkyl substituents.
31 . A method according to claim 30 , wherein each hydroxypyrone molecule is selected from the group consisting of 3-hydroxy-4-pyrone, 3-hydroyx-2-methyl-4-pyrone, 3-hydroxy-2-ethyl-4-pyrone, and 3-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-pyrone.
32 . A method according to claim 31 , wherein each hydroxypyrone molecule is 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone.
33 . A method according to claim 23 , wherein spread of the biofilm to another site in the individual is inhibited.
34 . A gallium-containing composition formulated for topical oral administration, wherein said composition is formulated as a dentrifice, a mouthwash, a chewing gum, a paint, a foam, a gel, or a varnish.
35 . A gallium-containing composition formulated as an ophthalmic solution for topical administration to the eye.
36 . A kit comprising a composition according to claim 34 , and instructions for use in a method for treating or preventing an orally-associated biofilm.
37 . A kit for use in the method of claim 1 , comprising a gallium-containing composition and instructions for use in a method for treating a biofilm.
38 . A kit according to claim 37 , further comprising an antibiotic substance.