Cladding ingot to prevent hot-tearing
View Patent ↗A method of casting an ingot of a metal having a susceptibility to hot-tearing while avoiding such hot tearing. The method involves co-casting a cladding metal on a surface of a metal core ingot as the ingot is being cast in a DC casting procedure. The cladding layer preferably contacts the core ingot at a position on the ingot surface where the metal of the ingot is incompletely solid, e.g. at a temperature between its solidus temperature and liquidus temperatures. The metal of the core ingot and the metal of the cladding layer are the same and, if they contain grain refiners, the are present in an amount of 0.005% by weight of the metal or less.
1. A method of direct chill casting an Al—Mg alloy that is susceptible to hot tearing during casting, which method comprises;
melting an Al—Mg alloy that is susceptible to hot tearing during casting and delivering the molten metal to a first chamber of a co-casting apparatus to form a first body of molten metal;
melting the same Al—Mg alloy and delivering the molten metal to a second chamber of a co-casting apparatus to form a second body of molten metal;
casting a core ingot from said first body of molten metal, and
co-casting a cladding layer from said second body of molten metal on at least one outer surface of said core ingot, said cladding layer being co-cast onto said core ingot at a position where said metal of the core ingot at said surface has not undergone complete solidification following casting;
said thickness of said cladding layer relative to said core ingot being made effective to impart a finer microstructure to said cladding layer than to said core ingot, and to eliminate hot tears during casting.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said first and said second body of molten metal are free of grain refiners.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a grain refiner is added to said molten metal delivered to said first chamber, to said molten metal delivered to said second chamber or to said molten metals delivered to both said first chamber and said second chamber, said grain refiner being added to said metal in an amount of 0.005% by weight of said metal or less.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said grain refiner is added to said molten metals delivered to both said chambers, but an amount of said grain refiner added to the molten metal delivered to said second chamber is less than an amount of said grain refiner added to the molten metal delivered to said first chamber.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein said grain refiner is added only to said molten metal delivered to said first chamber.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said molten metal from the second chamber is co-cast onto said at least one surface of the core ingot at a position where the metal of the core ingot at said surface is at a temperature between a solidus temperature and a liquidus temperature of the metal of the core ingot.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said Al—Mg alloy contains about 2.5% by weight Mg.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said thickness of said cladding layer is at least 5% of the thickness of said core ingot.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said thickness of said cladding layer is within the range of 5 to 10% of the thickness of said core ingot.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said cladding layer is co-cast onto all side surfaces of said core ingot.