Spinal fusion using rods of shape memory material
A system and method for performing spinal fusion using vertebral connecting rods constructed of a shape memory material, such as shape memory alloy. The connecting rod is cooled below its phase transition temperature, which is chosen to be just below body temperature, and is inserted through a curved guide tube previously inserted into the back of the patient. The guide tube is located so as to deliver the connecting rod at its desired location between the preinserted pedicle screw heads. The rod, being in its flexible state below the transition temperature, negotiates the curve and exits the guide tube in a straight form and parallel to the patient's spine. As it heats up to body temperature, it regains its original straight shape and its original rigidity, and is ready for connecting its associated vertebrae to each other.
1. A vertebral fusion system for connecting at least two vertebrae in the spine of a subject, comprising:
at least two fasteners, each of said fasteners being adapted to be attached to a vertebra;
a rod comprising a material having shape memory for connecting between said at least two fasteners, said material having a transition range of temperatures below body temperature, the rigidity of said material below said transition range of temperatures being substantially less than that above said transition range of temperatures, said rod having a shape above said transition range of temperatures, preplanned to match a path between said at least two fasteners; and
a curved insertion tube with its distal end directed at the path between said at least two fasteners, for delivery of said connecting rod subcutaneously through an incision made in the skin of the subject, said curved insertion tube having a temperature below said transition range of temperatures, and a shape different from the shape of said connecting rod above said transition range of temperatures.
2. A vertebral fusion system according to claim 1 and wherein said fasteners are pedicle screws.
3. A vertebral fusion system according to claim 1 , wherein said material having a shape memory is a shape memory alloy, or a shape memory polymer.
4. A vertebral fusion system according to claim 3 and wherein said shape memory alloy is a Nitinol alloy.
5. A vertebral fusion system according to claim 1 and wherein said transition range of temperatures is between −5° C. and 32° C.
6. A vertebral fusion system according to claim 1 and wherein said transition range of temperatures is between 15° C. and 25° C.
7. A vertebral fusion system according to claim 1 and also comprising a cooler for reducing the temperature of said rod before insertion.
8. A vertebral fusion system according to claim 1 and wherein said insertion tube also comprises a pushing device for forcing said rod down said insertion tube.
9. A vertebral fusion system according to claim 8 and wherein said pushing device is a screw.
10. A vertebral fusion system according to claim 1 , and wherein said spine of said subject has a curvature, and said rod has a memory shape above said transition range of temperatures having a curve matched to that of said vertebrae to be connected in the region of said curvature, such that said rod connects more than two vertebrae in said spine.
11. A vertebral fusion system according to claim 1 , and wherein said rod comprises a plurality of thin rods.
12. A vertebral fusion system according to claim 1 , said insertion tube having a cooling system for reducing its temperature below said transition range of temperatures.
13. A vertebral fusion system according to claim 12 , said cooling system comprising any one of channels built into said insertion tube, or cooling coils wrapped around said insertion tube, or a blower flowing cold gas over the outer surface of said insertion tube.
14. A vertebral fusion system according to claim 1 , wherein said preplanned shape of said rod is determined from fluoroscopic images of said path between said at least two fasteners.
15. A vertebral fusion system for connecting at least two vertebrae in the spine of a subject, comprising:
at least two fasteners, each of said fasteners being adapted to be attached to a vertebra;
a rod comprising a material having shape memory for connecting between said at least two fasteners, said material having a transition range of temperatures below body temperature, the rigidity of said material below said transition range of temperatures being substantially less than that above said transition range of temperatures, said rod having a shape above said transition range of temperatures, preplanned to match a path between said at least two fasteners; and
a curved insertion tube with its distal end directed at the path between said at least two fasteners, for delivery of said connecting rod subcutaneously through an incision made in the skin of the subject, said curved insertion tube having a temperature below said transition range of temperatures, and a shape different from the shape of said path between said at least two fasteners.