Drug eluting lead systems
View Patent ↗Medical electrical lead systems and related methods are described. The lead systems may be configured to be at least partially implanted in neural tissue of a subject, such as a brain of a subject. Some variations of the lead systems may comprise a lead body, an electrode connected to the lead body, and a bioactive agent. The electrode and/or lead body may comprise a substrate, and the bioactive agent may be supported by the substrate (e.g., by a substantial portion of the area of the substrate). Examples of bioactive agents that may be used in the lead system include antiproliferative agents, bactericidal agents, bacteriostatic agents, antiepileptic agents, and/or antifungal agents. Methods described herein may comprise coating a lead body and/or an electrode of a medical electrical lead system with at least one bioactive agent, where the lead body and the electrode are connected to each other.
1. A medical electrical lead system configured to be at least partially implanted in neural tissue of a subject, comprising:
a lead body;
an electrode connected to the lead body and comprising a substrate; and
at least one antiepileptic agent supported by a substantial portion of the area of the substrate of the electrode.
2. The lead system of claim 1 , wherein the lead system is configured to be at least partially implanted in a brain of a subject.
3. The lead system of claim 1 , wherein the lead system comprises a plurality of electrodes that are connected to the lead body.
4. The lead system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one antiepileptic agent is selected from the group consisting of acetazolamide, carbamazepine, clonazepam, clorazepate, diazepam, divalproex, ethosuximide, ethotoin, felbamate, fosphenytoin, gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, mephobarbital, methsuximide, oxcarbazepine, phenacemide, phenobarbital, phenytoin, pregabalin, primidone, thiopental, tiagabine, topiramate, trimethadione, valproate, zonisamide, tetrodotoxin, and combinations thereof.
5. The lead system of claim 1 , further comprising a material that is supported by the first substrate and that is different from the at least one antiepileptic agent.
6. The lead system of claim 5 , wherein the at least one antiepileptic agent is dispersed or encapsulated in the material.
7. The lead system of claim 5 , wherein the material is in the form of a layer over the at least one antiepileptic agent.
8. The lead system of claim 5 , wherein the material comprises a polymer.
9. The lead system of claim 8 , wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiopene), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiopene) poly(styrenesulfonate), and combinations thereof.
10. The lead system of claim 8 , wherein the polymer is bioerodible.
11. The lead system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one antiepileptic agent contacts the substrate.
12. The lead system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one antiepileptic agent is in the form of a coating on the substrate.
13. A medical electrical lead system configured to be at least partially implanted in neural tissue of a subject, comprising:
a lead body comprising a substrate;
an electrode connected to the lead body; and
at least one antiepileptic agent supported by the substrate of the lead body.
14. The lead system of claim 13 , wherein the lead system is configured to be at least partially implanted in a brain of a subject.
15. The lead system of claim 13 , wherein the lead system comprises a plurality of electrodes that are connected to the lead body.
16. The lead system of claim 13 , wherein the at least one antiepileptic agent is selected from the group consisting of acetazolamide, carbamazepine, clonazepam, clorazepate, diazepam, divalproex, ethosuximide, ethotoin, felbamate, fosphenytoin, gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, mephobarbital, methsuximide, oxcarbazepine, phenacemide, phenobarbital, phenytoin, pregabalin, primidone, thiopental, tiagabine, topiramate, trimethadione, valproate, zonisamide, tetrodotoxin, and combinations thereof.
17. A method comprising:
at least partially implanting a lead system in neural tissue of a subject,
wherein the lead system comprises a lead body, an electrode connected to the lead body and comprising a substrate, and at least one antiepileptic agent supported by a substantial portion of the area of the substrate of the electrode.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the method comprises at least partially implanting the lead system in a brain of a subject.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the at least one antiepileptic agent is selected from the group consisting of acetazolamide, carbamazepine, clonazepam, clorazepate, diazepam, divalproex, ethosuximide, ethotoin, felbamate, fosphenytoin, gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, mephobarbital, methsuximide, oxcarbazepine, phenacemide, phenobarbital, phenytoin, pregabalin, primidone, thiopental, tiagabine, topiramate, trimethadione, valproate, zonisamide, tetrodotoxin, and combinations thereof.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the lead system is configured to release the at least one antiepileptic agent when the lead system is at least partially implanted in neural tissue of a subject.
21. The method of claim 17 , wherein the lead system further comprises a material that is supported by the substrate and that is different from the at least one antiepileptic agent.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the material is bioerodible.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein erosion of the bioerodible material when the lead system is at least partially implanted in neural tissue of a subject results in the release of the at least one antiepileptic agent into the neural tissue of the subject.
24. A method comprising:
at least partially implanting a lead system in neural tissue of a subject,
wherein the lead system comprises a lead body comprising a substrate, an electrode connected to the lead body, and at least one antiepileptic agent supported by the substrate of the lead body.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the method comprises at least partially implanting the lead system in a brain of a subject.
26. The method of claim 24 , wherein the at least one antiepileptic agent is selected from the group consisting of acetazolamide, carbamazepine, clonazepam, clorazepate, diazepam, divalproex, ethosuximide, ethotoin, felbamate, fosphenytoin, gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, mephobarbital, methsuximide, oxcarbazepine, phenacemide, phenobarbital, phenytoin, pregabalin, primidone, thiopental, tiagabine, topiramate, trimethadione, valproate, zonisamide, tetrodotoxin, and combinations thereof.
27. A method comprising:
coating a substantial portion of the area of an electrode of a medical electrical lead system with at least one antiepileptic agent, wherein the lead system comprises the electrode and a lead body connected to the electrode.
28. The method of claim 27 , wherein coating the substantial portion of the area of the electrode comprises using a coating method selected from the group consisting of vapor deposition, ionic plasma deposition, dipping, and combinations thereof.
29. The method of claim 28 , wherein vapor deposition comprises physical vapor deposition.
30. A method comprising:
coating a lead body of a medical electrical lead system with at least one antiepileptic agent, wherein the lead system comprises the lead body and an electrode connected to the lead body.
31. The method of claim 30 , wherein coating the lead body comprises using a coating method selected from the group consisting of vapor deposition, ionic plasma deposition, dipping, and combinations thereof.
32. The method of claim 31 , wherein vapor deposition comprises physical vapor deposition.
33. A medical electrical lead system configured to be at least partially implanted in neural tissue of a subject, comprising:
a lead body;
an electrode connected to the lead body and comprising a sintered metal characterized by a plurality of pores; and
an antiepileptic agent,
wherein the electrode acts as a reservoir for the antiepileptic a agent and the pores in the sintered metal are adapted to release the antiepileptic agent from the reservoir into the neural tissue.
34. The lead system of claim 33 , wherein the antiepileptic bioactive agent is selected from the group consisting of: acetazolamide, carbamazepine, clonazepam, clorazepate, diazepam, divalproex, ethosuximide, ethotoin, felbamate, fosphenytoin, gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, mephobarbital, methsuximide, oxcarbazepine, phenacemide, phenobarbital, phenytoin, pregabalin, primidone, thiopental, tiagabine, topiramate, trimethadione, valproate, zonisamide, tetrodotoxin, and combinations thereof.
35. The lead system of claim 33 , wherein the lead system is configured to be at least partially implanted in a brain of a subject.
36. A method comprising:
forming an electrode of a medical lead system from a sintered metal so that the electrode is characterized by a plurality of pores, wherein the lead system comprises a lead body and the electrode is configured to connect to the lead body of the lead system; and
introducing an antiepileptic agent to the electrode.
37. The method of claim 36 , further comprising connecting the electrode to a lead body of the lead system.
38. The method of claim 36 , further comprising releasing the antiepileptic agent from the electrode through the plurality of pores in the sintered metal.
39. The method of claim 36 , wherein introducing the antiepileptic agent to the electrode comprises coating the pores of the sintered metal with the antiepileptic agent.
40. The method of claim 36 , wherein the antiepileptic bioactive agent is selected from the group consisting of: acetazolamide, carbamazepine, clonazepam, clorazepate, diazepam, divalproex, ethosuximide, ethotoin, felbamate, fosphenytoin, gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, mephobarbital, methsuximide, oxcarbazepine, phenacemide, phenobarbital, phenytoin, pregabalin, primidone, thiopental, tiagabine, topiramate, trimethadione, valproate, zonisamide, tetrodotoxin, and combinations thereof.