Electrically conductive hydrogels
Electrically conductive adhesive hydrogels formed from a composition which generally includes a monomer, an initiator, an organic solvent, and a cross-linking agent are suitable for use as skin contact adhesives and, particularly, suitable for use as an electrical interface for disposable medical devices. The present hydrogels provide for reduced skin irritation and/or malodor properties, hydrate a subject's skin, readily wet around a subject's skin surface hair, and protect against burning of a subject upon or due to electrical stimulation through the hydrogel.
1. A substantially precipitate free electrically conductive hydrogel formed from a composition comprising:
a monomer;
at least one initiator;
a cross-linking agent; and
an organic solvent,
wherein the composition does not comprise a dual buffer system, the pH of the electrically conductive hydrogel is maintained in the range of 3 to 8.5 in the absence of the dual buffer system and wherein the composition does not comprise a solubilizer for the at least one initiator.
2. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein the pH is maintained in the range of 3 to 8.5 by the addition of an acidic salt.
3. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein the pH is maintained in the range of 3 to 8.5 by the addition of the acid form of the monomer.
4. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide.
5. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein the monomer is in the salt form.
6. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent comprises between about 0.5% and about 5% by weight of the composition.
7. The hydrogel of claim 1 the conductive hydrogel is formed from a composition that further comprises a buffer.
8. The hydrogel of claim 1 wherein the monomer comprises about 10% to about 80% by weight of the composition.
9. The hydrogel of claim 8 wherein the monomer comprises about 40% to about 75% by weight of the composition.
10. The hydrogel of claim 1 wherein the at least one initiator comprises about 0.01% to about 2% by weight of the composition.
11. The hydrogel of claim 1 wherein the cross-linking agent comprises about 0.01% to about 2% by weight of the composition.
12. The hydrogel of claim 1 wherein the monomer is N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl acrylate dimethyl sulfate quaternary, dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate, acrylamido methyl propane sulfonic acid, or their salts.
13. The hydrogel of claim 1 wherein the at least one initiator comprises at least one chemical initiator, at least one photo initiator, or both.
14. The hydrogel of claim 13 wherein the at least one initiator is a thermally activated chemical initiator.
15. The hydrogel of claim 14 wherein the thermally activated chemical initiator is a disulfide based, peroxide based, or persulfate based initiator.
16. The hydrogel of claim 14 wherein the thermally activated chemical initiator is sodium metabisulfite.
17. The hydrogel of claim 1 wherein the at least one initiator is a hydrophobic initiator.
18. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein the conductive hydrogel is formed from a composition that further comprises at least one conductivity enhancer, and wherein at most one conductivity enhancer is a buffer.
19. The hydrogel of claim 1 wherein the conductive hydrogel is formed from a composition that further comprises a skin health agent.
20. The hydrogel of claim 19 wherein the skin health agent is aloe vera, glycerin, vitamin E, vitamin B, provitamin B, vitamin E acetate, chitosan, or silk hydrolyzate.
21. An electrode comprising an electrically conductive adhesive hydrogel formed from a composition comprising:
at least one monomer;
at least one initiator;
a cross-linking agent; and
an organic solvent,
wherein the composition does not comprise a dual buffer system, the pH of the electrically conductive hydrogel is maintained in the range of 3 to 8.5 in the absence of the dual buffer system and wherein the conductive hydrogel does not comprise a solubilizer for the at least one initiator.
22. The electrode of claim 21 , further comprising a skin health agent which comprises an electrically conductive hypoallergenic layer which is in communication with the electrically conductive hydrogel.
23. The electrode of claim 22 , wherein the skin health agent is aloe vera, glycerin, vitamin E, vitamin B, provitamin B, vitamin E acetate, chitosan, or silk hydrolyzate.
24. The electrode of claim 21 wherein the organic solvent is between about 0.5% and about 5% by weight of the composition.
25. The electrode of claim 21 wherein the at least one monomer comprises about 10% to about 80% by weight of the composition.
26. The composition of claim 25 wherein the at least one monomer comprises about 40% to about 75% by weight of the composition.
27. The composition of claim 21 wherein the at least one initiator comprises about 0.01% to about 2% by weight of the composition.
28. The composition of claim 21 wherein the cross-linking agent comprises about 0.01% to about 2% by weight of the composition.
29. The composition of claim 21 wherein the monomer is N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl acrylate dimethyl sulfate quaternary, dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate, acrylamido methyl propane sulfonic acid or their salts.
30. The composition of claim 21 , wherein the organic solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide.
31. The composition of claim 21 , wherein the composition further comprises a conductivity enhancer.
32. A composition for an electrically conductive hydrogel comprising:
at least one monomer;
at least one initiator;
a cross-linking agent; and
an organic solvent selected from dimethyl sulfoxide,
wherein the composition does not comprise a dual buffer system, the composition is adapted to form a hydrogel having a pH in the range of 3 to 8.5 in the absence of the dual buffer system and wherein the electrically conductive hydrogel does not comprise a solubilizer for the at least one initiator.