A cryostat includes a rotatable mounting arranged to rotate about a first rotational axis, the mounting extending substantially in a first plane, a sample plate arranged in use to support a sample, located on the rotatable mounting, and a heat sink located adjacent the side of the mounting distant from the sample plate. A thermal conductor extends between the sample plate and the heat sink. The conductor extends through an aperture in the rotatable mounting. A rotatable sample holder for a cryostat includes a sample plate having a first side arranged in use to support a sample, a drive gear arranged to rotate about a first rotational axis, and a driven gear arranged to rotate about a second rotational axis, engaged with the drive gear and coupled to the sample plate such that rotation of the drive gear causes the driven gear and sample holder to rotate. The first rotational axis does not intersect the second rotational axis.
1. A cryostat comprising:
a rotatable mounting arranged to rotate about a first rotational axis, the rotatable mounting defining an aperture that surrounds the first rotational axis;
a sample plate having a surface that is arranged in use to support a sample, the sample plate located on the rotatable mounting and the surface extending substantially perpendicular to the first rotational axis, the sample plate at least partially covering the aperture of the rotatable mounting;
a cryogenic tank containing cryogenic material and located adjacent a side of the rotatable mounting distant from the sample plate; and
a thermal conductor extending between the sample plate and the cryogenic tank, wherein the conductor extends through the aperture in the rotatable mounting.
2. A cryostat according to claim 1 , wherein the thermal conductor comprises a flexible cable extending through the aperture.
3. A cryostat according to claim 2 , wherein said flexible cable comprises copper braid.
4. A cryostat according to claim 1 , wherein the rotatable mounting is substantially annular, and the aperture extends substantially through the centre thereof.
5. A cryostat according to claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the thermal conductor is substantially collinear with said first rotational axis.
6. A cryostat according to claim 1 , wherein the thermal conductor does not contact the rotatable mounting.
7. A cryostat according to claim 1 , wherein the thermal conductor is less than 5 cm in length.
8. A cryostat according to claim 1 , wherein the cryostat comprises a temperature sensor comprising electrical wires, the electrical wires extending through the aperture.
9. A cryostat according to claim 8 , wherein at least one of the thermal conductor and the temperature sensor is connected to a side of the sample plate adjacent the cryogenic tank.
10. A cryostat according to claim 1 , further comprising a hollow bearing extending around said first rotational axis, the thermal conductor extending through the bearing, and the bearing supporting the rotatable mounting.
11. A cryostat according to claim 1 , wherein the cryostat further comprises a drive gear arranged to rotate about a second rotational axis, the rotatable mounting comprising a driven gear arranged to rotate about the first rotational axis, and engaged with the drive gear and coupled to the sample plate such that rotation of the drive gear causes the driven gear and sample plate to rotate.
12. A cryostat according to claim 11 , wherein the first rotational axis does not intersect the second rotational axis.
13. A cryostat according to claim 11 , wherein the drive gear and driven gear form one of a hypoid gear arrangement, a SPIRADRIVE™ gear arrangement, or a worm gear arrangement.
14. The cryostat according to claim 1 , wherein the thermal conductor contacts a center of the sample plate.
15. The cryostat according to claim 14 , wherein the first rotational axis extends through the center of the sample plate.
16. The cryostat according to claim 1 , wherein the thermal conductor includes first and second opposite ends; wherein the first end of the thermal conductor is directly attached to the portion of the sample plate that at least partially covers the aperture; wherein the thermal conductor extends through the aperture in the rotatable mounting without contacting the rotatable mounting; and wherein the second end of the thermal conductor is in direct communication with at least one of the cryogenic tank and the cryogenic material.