Liquid crystal optical modulator and the process for producing the same

1. A liquid crystal optical modulator comprising:

a first substrate and a second substrate having electrode patterns on opposing surfaces, the electrode patterns being arranged opposite each other, and

a seal sandwiched and disposed between the substrates, wherein

the seal has metal members that are brought into direct contact and joined by base metal surfaces thereof between the metal members on the substrate sides, and

the metal members form a space that maintains a predetermined distance between the substrates and accommodates a liquid crystal layer between the substrates; wherein

the metal members are formed of a metal material comprising aluminum as a main component.

2. A liquid crystal optical modulator comprising:

a first substrate having a first electrode pattern including a pixel electrode;

a second substrate having a second electrode pattern including a counter electrode; and

a seal sandwiched and disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein

in a first metal member comprising a metal material and formed on the first substrate and a second metal member comprising a metal material and formed on the second substrate of the seal, base metal surfaces of the two metal members are brought into direct contact and joined with each other; and

the two metal members maintain a predetermined distance between two electrode patterns including the first electrode pattern and the second electrode pattern that are disposed opposite each other on the inner side, and form a space for accommodating a liquid crystal layer between the electrode patterns; and

the first metal member and the pixel electrodes are formed to have the same thickness.

3. A liquid crystal optical modulator comprising:

a first substrate having a first electrode pattern including a pixel electrode;

a second substrate having a second electrode pattern including a counter electrode; and

a seal sandwiched and disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein

the seal has a metal seal section comprising a metal material that is joined to both substrate surfaces of the first substrate and the second substrate and a resin seal section that covers the circumference of the metal seal section;

in the metal seal section, metal members are disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and at the metal surfaces of the metal members and two substrates, base metal surfaces of the two metal members are brought into direct contact and joined with each other;

the resin seal section is tightly attached to a circumference of the metal seal section and the substrates by a resin material; and

the metal seal section maintains a predetermined distance between two electrode patterns including the first electrode pattern and the second electrode patterns that are disposed opposite each other on the inner side, and forms a space for accommodating a liquid crystal layer between the electrode patterns; and

both the metal members are formed of a metal material comprising aluminum as a main component.

4. The liquid crystal optical modulator according to claim 2 , wherein

both the metal members are formed of a metal material comprising aluminum as a main component.

5. The liquid crystal optical modulator according to claim 2 or 3 , wherein

the first electrode pattern is a pattern formed from a metal material comprising aluminum as a main component,

the second electrode pattern is a pattern formed from a transparent electrically conductive film, and

the second substrate is a transparent substrate.

6. The liquid crystal optical modulator according to claim 5 , wherein

the first substrate is a silicon substrate.

7. The liquid crystal optical modulator according to claim 1 , wherein a laminate of the first substrate, second substrate, and seal is formed as a structural unit, and a plurality of the laminates are stacked and laminated to obtain a multilayer structure in the lamination direction.

8. The liquid crystal optical modulator according to claim 7 , wherein

in the multilayer laminate, a first substrate of one laminated body from amongst adjacent laminated bodies and a second substrate of another laminated body are configured of one common substrate.

9. The liquid crystal optical modulator according to claim 2 , wherein

the seal is a frame-like body closed over the entire perimeter of a side section thereof;

the side section of the frame-like body is formed so that the inside of the frame-like body is closed by a side wall of the first metal member or by a side wall of the first metal member and a side wall of the second metal member; and

an upper section and a lower section of the frame-like body are closed by the first substrate and the second substrate.

10. The liquid crystal optical modulator according to claim 9 , wherein

the liquid crystal layer is sealed inside the seal of a frame-like body by a dripping method.

11. The liquid crystal optical modulator according to claim 2 , wherein

the seal is a frame-like body having an injection port,

in the frame-like body, the side section thereof is formed by closing the inside of the frame-like body with a side wall of the first metal member or by a side wall of the first metal member and a side wall of the second metal member, except an open section in part thereof, and

an injection port for injecting a liquid crystal into the frame-like body from the open section is formed.

12. The liquid crystal optical modulator according to claim 11 , wherein

a side wall of the first metal member forming the open section, or a side wall of the first metal member and a side wall of the second metal member forming the open section are caused to protrude in the direction of extension from the open section and a path connecting the inside of the seal with the outside is formed by the protruding section.

13. The liquid crystal optical modulator according to claim 12 , wherein

the protruding section forms a lead-out electrode in which a portion of the electrode formed on the substrate is led out to the outside of the seal.

14. The liquid crystal optical modulator according to claim 13 , wherein

the first electrode or the counter electrode, or both electrodes form a lead-out electrode by extending the electrode from the inside of the seal to the outside thereof on the substrate, and

an insulating film is provided between the lead-out electrode and the metal member forming the seal, and the lead-out electrode and seal are insulated from each other.

15. The liquid crystal optical modulator according to claim 13 , wherein

the second electrode pattern forms a lead-out electrode by extending the electrode from the inside of the seal to the outside thereof on the substrate,

the lead-out electrode and the seal are electrically connected to each other by forming a metal member forming the seal on the lead-out electrode, and

conduction from the counter electrode of the second electrode pattern to the substrate where the other electrode pattern is formed is provided through the metal member forming the seal.

16. The liquid crystal optical modulator according to claim 2 , wherein

the metal surfaces of the first metal member and the second metal member are joined by applying pressure and supplying ultrasonic waves to the metal surfaces in a contact state.

17. The liquid crystal optical modulator according to claim 16 , wherein

joining surfaces of the first metal member and the second metal member are joined in a state in which oxides films present thereon are removed by supplying ultrasonic waves.

18. A process of producing a liquid crystal optical modulator having a first substrate having a first electrode pattern including a pixel electrode; a second substrate having a second electrode pattern including a counter electrode; a seal sandwiched and disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate,

the process comprising:

forming a first metal member comprising a metal material on the first substrate;

forming a second metal member comprising a metal material on the second substrate;

disposing the first metal member and the second metal member opposite each other to obtain a contact state thereof; and

forming the seal by bringing base metal surfaces of the two metal members into direct contact joined by applying pressure to the metal surfaces in the contact state, wherein

both the first metal member and the second metal member are formed of a metal material comprising aluminum as a main component.

19. The process of producing a liquid crystal optical modulator according to claim 18 , wherein

in the step in which the pressure is applied, ultrasonic waves are supplied to at least a portion to which the pressure is applied, and an oxide film present on the contact surface is removed.