Acoustical sound proofing material with controlled water-vapor permeability and methods for manufacturing same
A laminated structure appropriate for use in constructing walls, floors, ceilings or doors, has a selected area and in one embodiment comprises two external layers of one or more materials such as, but not limited to, gypsum, at least one internal constraining layer having less than said selected area, and two or more internal layers of a viscoelastic glue separated by said at least one internal constraining layer, wherein each of said layers of viscoelastic glue is patterned to cover a selected percentage, but not all, of said area of said laminated structure thereby to allow moisture to pass through said structure.
1. A laminated structure appropriate for use in constructing walls, floors, ceilings or doors, said laminated structure having a selected area, said laminated structure comprising:
two external layers of one or more materials each having an outer and an inner surface;
at least one internal constraining layer having an area less than said selected area; and
two or more internal layers of a viscoelastic glue in direct contact with the inner surface of the external layers and separated by said at least one internal constraining layer, wherein
each of said layers of viscoelastic glue is patterned to cover between about twenty (20%) and about eighty (80%) percent of said selected area of said laminated structure, and wherein
the internal layers of viscoelastic glue and the internal constraining layer each have a portion not overlapped by any of the other internal layers of viscoelastic glue or by the internal constraining layer;
thereby allowing moisture to pass through said structure.
2. The structure of claim 1 wherein said two external layers comprise gypsum wallboard.
3. The structure of claim 1 wherein said at least one internal constraining layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of vinyl, steel, wood, plastic and a cellulose-based material.
4. The laminated structure as in claim 3 , wherein said internal constraining layer comprises a sheet metal layer of selected thickness.
5. The laminated structure as in claim 4 , wherein said sheet metal layer of selected thickness comprises galvanized steel.
6. The structure of claim 1 wherein said two or more internal layers of viscoelastic glue each comprise a viscoelastic glue selected from the group consisting of a water-based viscoelastic glue and a solvent-based viscoelastic glue.
7. The structure of claim 1 wherein each external layer of said material is non-metallic and non-glass.
8. The structure of claim 1 wherein each external layer of a material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of gypsum, ceramic, wood, magnesium oxide (MgO), cement, concrete and ceramic mixtures employing phosphates.
9. The structure of claim 1 wherein said at least one internal constraining layer is formed of a continuous porous septum material.
10. The laminated structure as in claim 1 , wherein said two external layers each comprise a selected thickness gypsum board layer.
11. The laminated structure as in claim 10 , wherein said glue comprises a viscoelastic material capable of absorbing sound.
12. The structure of claim 1 wherein a pattern in each viscoelastic glue layer comprises elements that are spaced less than a half wavelength of the maximum frequency of sound to be attenuated.
13. A laminated structure having a selected area, said laminated structure being appropriate for use in constructing walls, floors, ceilings or doors and comprising:
two external layers of a non-metallic material each having an outer and an inner surface;
at least one internal constraining layer having an area less than said selected area; and
two or more internal layers of a viscoelastic glue in direct contact with the inner surface of the external layers and separated by said at least one internal constraining layer,
each of said layers of viscoelastic glue having an area between about twenty (20%) and about eighty (80%) percent of said selected area, and wherein
the internal layers of viscoelastic glue each have a portion not overlapped by one or more of the other internal layers of viscoelastic glue or by the internal constraining layer;
thereby allowing moisture to pass through the resulting structure.
14. The laminated structure of claim 13 wherein the internal constraining layer comprises metal.
15. A laminated structure comprising:
at least one internal layer of a selected material having an upper and a lower surface;
two internal layers of a viscoelastic glue, one such layer on each of the upper and the lower surface of said internal layer; and
at least one additional layer of a material on the other side of each internal layer of viscoelastic glue, wherein
the two internal layers of viscoelastic glue each occupy an area less than the between about twenty (20%) and about eighty (80%) percent of area of said at least one additional layer of a material on the other side of each internal layer of viscoelastic glue, and wherein
the internal layers of the viscoelastic glue and the at least one internal layer of selected material occupies an area less than the area of said at least one additional layer of a material on the other side of each internal layer of viscoelastic glue; and the internal layer of a selected material have a portion not overlapped by any of the other internal layers of viscoelastic glue or by the internal layer of a selected material;
thereby allowing vapor to pass through said laminated structure.
16. The laminated structure as in claim 15 wherein each said at least one additional layer comprises an external layer of a first sound attenuating material.
17. The laminated structure as in claim 16 wherein each said external layer of a first sound attenuating material comprises gypsum.
18. The laminated structure as in claim 16 wherein each said at least one external layer comprises a plurality of layers of selected materials.
19. The laminated structure as in claim 18 wherein said plurality of layers of selected materials comprises: a first layer of metal; a second layer of viscoelastic glue; and a third layer of selected material.
20. The laminated structure as in claim 19 wherein said third layer of selected material comprises gypsum.
21. The laminated structure as in claim 15 wherein said at least one internal layer comprises a metal layer.
22. The laminated structure as in claim 15 wherein said at least one internal layer comprises a cellulose material.
23. The laminated structure as in claim 15 wherein said at least one internal layer comprises a layer of a solid petroleum-based synthetic material selected from the group consisting of a vinyl, plastic composite and rubber.
24. A laminated structure appropriate for use in constructing walls, floors, or ceilings or doors comprising:
two external layers of a non-metallic material each having an outer and an inner surface;
at least one internal constraining layer, and
two or more internal layers of a viscoelastic glue in direct contact with the inner surface of the external layers and separated by said at least one internal constraining layer, wherein
the at least one internal constraining layer is selected from the group consisting of cellulose, wood, metal, plastic, vinyl, plastic composite and rubber, and wherein the at least one internal constraining layer
occupies an area of said laminated structure less than the area of said laminated structure, and each of said layers of viscoelastic glue is patterned to cover between about twenty (20%) and about eighty (80%) percent of the area of said laminated structure, and wherein
the internal layers of viscoelastic glue and the at least one internal constraining layer each have a portion not overlapping by the other internal layers of viscoelastic glue or by the internal constraining layer;
thereby allowing the passage of moisture through said laminated structure.
25. The laminated structure as in claim 24 wherein said at least one internal constraining layer is wood.
26. The laminated structure as in claim 24 wherein said at least one internal constraining layer is cellulose.
27. A laminated structure appropriate for use in constructing walls, floors, ceilings or doors, said laminated structure having a selected area, said laminated structure comprising:
two external layers of one or more materials each having an outer and an inner surface; and
one internal layer of a viscoelastic glue in contact on each side with the inner surface of each of said two external layers, wherein said internal layer of viscoelastic glue is patterned to cover between about twenty (20%) and about eighty (80%) percent of of said area of said laminated structure, thereby allowing moisture to pass through said structure.
28. The structure of claim 27 wherein said two external layers comprise gypsum wallboard.
29. The structure of claim 27 wherein a pattern in the one or more internal layers of viscoelastic glue comprises elements that are spaced apart from each other by a distance less than a half wavelength of the maximum frequency of sound to be attenuated.
30. A method of forming a laminated structure appropriate for use in constructing walls, floors, ceilings or doors, said laminated structure having a selected area, said laminated structure capable of passing moisture from one side to the other side of the laminated structure, said method comprising:
forming two external layers of one or more materials each having an outer and an inner surface;
forming at least one internal constraining layer between said two external layers, the area of said at least one internal constraining layer being less than said selected area; and
joining said two external layers to said at least one internal layer using two or more internal layers of a viscoelastic glue in direct contact with the inner surface of the external layers and separated by said at least one internal constraining layer, wherein
each of said layers of viscoelastic glue is patterned to cover between about twenty (20%) and about eighty (80%) percent of said area of said laminated structure, and wherein
the internal layers of viscoelastic glue and the internal constraining area each have a portion not overlapped of the other internal layers of viscoelastic glue or the internal constraining layer;
thereby allowing moisture to pass through the resulting structure.
31. The method of claim 30 wherein a pattern in each viscoelastic glue layer comprises elements that are spaced apart form each other by a distance less than a half wavelength of the maximum frequency of sound to be attenuated.