Radio frequency filter using intermediate frequency impedance translation
View Patent ↗The present invention is an RF filter that translates impedances of an IF circuit to create a filter with an RF center frequency having the high Q roll-off characteristics of an IF filter. The RF filter is self-aligned with the frequency of an RF local oscillator. The RF filter has an impedance divider, which is formed by coupling an RF impedance circuit to a translated IF impedance circuit. The translated IF impedance circuit includes an RF passive mixer and an IF impedance circuit. The mixer translates the impedance of the IF impedance circuit by mixing an RF input signal with an RF local oscillator signal, which determines the RF center frequency. Filtered RF signals may be provided by the impedance divider. Filtered IF signals may be provided by the IF impedance circuit. To effectively translate and preserve the IF impedance characteristics, the IF impedance circuit presents a high impedance at harmonics of the RF local oscillator signal.
1. A radio frequency (RF) filter comprising:
an RF impedance circuit having a first RF impedance adapted to receive an RF input signal, wherein the RF impedance circuit comprises an RF output;
an intermediate frequency (IF) impedance circuit comprising an IF input having an IF input impedance, wherein a magnitude of the IF input impedance is greater than a magnitude of the first RF impedance at frequencies that are at least one of a group consisting of a second harmonic and a fourth harmonic of a local oscillator frequency; and
an RF passive mixer comprising:
an RF input having an RF input impedance, wherein the RF input is coupled to the RF output to provide a filtered RF signal;
a local oscillator input adapted to receive a local oscillator signal having the local oscillator frequency; and
an IF output coupled to the IF input, wherein the IF input impedance is presented to the IF output, and the IF input impedance is translated into the RF input impedance by mixing the local oscillator signal with the filtered RF signal,
wherein the first RF impedance and the RF input impedance form an impedance divider to create the filtered RF signal based on the RF input signal.
2. The RF filter of claim 1 wherein the IF output further comprises an in-phase IF output and a quadrature-phase IF output.
3. The RF filter of claim 2 wherein the local oscillator signal further comprises an in-phase local oscillator signal and a quadrature-phase local oscillator signal, wherein the quadrature-phase local oscillator signal is phase-shifted from the in-phase local oscillator signal by approximately 90 degrees.
4. The RF filter of claim 3 wherein:
the RF input further consists of a first differential RF input and a second differential RF input;
the in-phase IF output further consists of a first differential in-phase IF output and a second differential in-phase IF output; and
the quadrature-phase IF output further consists of a first differential quadrature-phase IF output and a second differential quadrature-phase IF output.
5. The RF filter of claim 2 wherein:
the IF input further comprises:
an in-phase IF input coupled to the in-phase IF output; and
a quadrature-phase IF input coupled to the quadrature-phase IF output; and
the IF impedance circuit further comprises a first inductive element coupled to the in-phase input, and a second inductive element coupled to the quadrature-phase input.
6. The RF filter of claim 1 wherein the RF input further comprises an in-phase RF input and a quadrature-phase RF input.
7. The RF filter of claim 1 further comprising a filtered RF output signal based on the filtered RF signal.
8. The RF filter of claim 1 wherein the IF output is adapted to provide a filtered IF output signal based on the filtered RF signal.
9. The RF filter of claim 1 wherein the RF impedance circuit further comprises an output impedance of an RF amplifier.
10. The RF filter of claim 1 wherein the RF passive mixer further comprises at least one switching element, wherein the at least one switching element is controlled by the local oscillator signal.
11. The RF filter of claim 1 wherein:
the first RF impedance has a first magnitude at a frequency equal to a sum of the local oscillator frequency and an IF cut-off frequency; and
a magnitude of the IF input impedance is:
greater than the first magnitude at frequencies below one-half times the IF cut-off frequency;
less than the first magnitude at frequencies above two times the IF cut-off frequency and below one-half times an RF cut-off frequency; and
greater than the first magnitude at frequencies above the RF cut-off frequency.
12. The RF filter of claim 11 wherein the RF filter is part of an RF transmitter, wherein the local oscillator frequency is approximately equal to a center frequency of the RF transmitter.
13. The RF filter of claim 11 wherein the RF filter is part of an RF receiver, wherein the local oscillator frequency is approximately equal to a center frequency of the RF receiver.
14. The RF filter of claim 13 wherein the IF output is adapted to provide a filtered IF output signal based on the filtered RF signal.
15. The RF filter of claim 13 wherein the RF impedance circuit further comprises an antenna circuit.
16. The RF filter of claim 1 wherein:
the first RF impedance has a first magnitude at a frequency equal to a sum of the local oscillator frequency and an IF cut-off frequency; and
a magnitude of the IF input impedance is:
less than the first magnitude at frequencies below one-half times the IF cut-off frequency; and
greater than the first magnitude at frequencies above two times the IF cut-off frequency.
17. The RF filter of claim 16 wherein:
the RF filter is used in an RF transmitter that is part of an RF transceiver, wherein the RF transceiver also comprises an RF receiver; and
the local oscillator frequency is approximately equal to a center frequency of the RF receiver.
18. The RF filter of claim 16 wherein:
the RF filter is used in an RF receiver that is part of an RF transceiver, wherein the RF transceiver also comprises an RF transmitter; and
the local oscillator frequency is approximately equal to a center frequency of the RF transmitter.
19. The RF filter of claim 1 wherein the RF input signal is provided to the RF output from an RF current source.
20. A method comprising:
presenting an intermediate frequency (IF) impedance to a radio frequency (RF) passive mixer;
providing a local oscillator signal to the RF passive mixer, wherein the local oscillator signal is at a local oscillator frequency;
translating the IF impedance to an RF impedance by mixing the local oscillator signal with a filtered RF signal;
providing the filtered RF signal from an RF impedance circuit, which is coupled to the RF passive mixer, wherein an impedance presented by the RF impedance circuit and the RF impedance form an impedance divider to create the filtered RF signal based on an RF input signal,
wherein a magnitude of the RF impedance is greater than a magnitude of the impedance presented by the RF impedance circuit at frequencies that are harmonics of the local oscillator frequency.