Heat exchanger and method for use in precision cooling systems
View Patent ↗An improved precision cooling system for high heat density applications comprises a heat exchanger having more fluid outlet conduits than fluid inlet conduits to optimize the pressure drop across the heat exchanger at a given fluid flow rate. The heat exchanger may be of microchannel or tube fin construction, and the cooling system may utilize single phase or multi-phase pumped or compressed fluids.
1. A cooling system for high density heat loads having an air-to-fluid heat exchanger, the heat exchanger comprising:
an inlet manifold having a fluid inlet conduit with a predetermined cross-sectional flow area;
an outlet manifold;
a first plurality of heat transfer conduits fluidicly coupled between the inlet manifold and the outlet manifold; and
a plurality of fluid outlet conduits coupled to the outlet manifold and having a combined cross-sectional flow area greater than the cross-sectional flow area of the inlet conduit, thereby minimizing pressure drop across the heat exchanger;
wherein the combined cross-sectional flow area of the plurality of fluid outlet conduits is either maintained or increased over a distance sufficient to permit the minimizing of the pressure drop across the heat exchanger.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the heat transfer conduits is a microchannel heat transfer conduit in flow communication with the inlet and outlet conduits.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the heat exchanger is an aluminum microchannel air-to-refrigerant heat exchanger.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the fluid is a two phase refrigerant.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the system is a pumped refrigerant system.
6. The system of claim 4 , wherein the system is a vapor compression system.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the inlet manifold comprises one or more internal baffles to direct the flow of fluid.
8. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second air-to-fluid heat exchanger having a second fluid inlet conduit with a predetermined cross-sectional flow area;
a second plurality of fluid outlet conduits having a combined cross-sectional flow area greater than the cross-sectional flow area of the second inlet conduit; and
a second plurality of heat transfer conduits fluidicly coupled between the second fluid inlet conduit and the second plurality of fluid outlet conduits;
wherein the first and second heat exchangers are coupled together so that the first and second pluralities of heat transfer conduits are adjacent one another; and
wherein the first and second heat exchangers operate independently, thereby being redundant.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the first and second heat exchangers are stacked adjacent one another in a direction of air flow through the heat exchangers.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the fluid flowing through the first heat exchanger flows in a direction different from the fluid flow direction of the second heat exchanger.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the fluid flow directions are substantially opposite one another.
12. The system of claim 8 , wherein the first and second heat exchangers are located adjacent one another in a common plane.
13. A cooling system for a high density heat load, comprising:
an air-to-fluid heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 and having a predetermined pressure drop at a predetermined fluid flow rate;
a second heat exchanger adapted to remove heat from the fluid; and
a pump coupled to the heat exchangers and adapted to circulate a two-phase refrigerant through the heat exchangers at least a predetermined flow rate.
14. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of fluid outlet conduits is configured to increase an overall cooling capacity of the system.
15. The system of claim 1 , further comprising at least one additional fluid inlet conduit configured to increase an overall cooling capacity of the system.
16. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second fluid inlet conduit coupled to the inlet manifold, the fluid inlet conduits having a combined cross-sectional flow area; and
wherein the plurality of fluid outlet conduits includes at least three outlet conduits, the combined cross-sectional flow area of the outlet conduits being greater than the combined cross-sectional flow area of the inlet conduits.
17. A method of retrofitting an existing cooling system for a higher density heat load, comprising:
determining an increased fluid flow rate through an existing heat exchanger to create a desired cooling capacity;
determining a number of additional heat exchanger fluid outlet and/or inlet conduits to establish a preferred pressure drop across the existing heat exchanger at the predetermined flow rate;
providing a new heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 and having the determined number of fluid outlet and/or inlet conduits; and
installing the new heat exchanger in the system in place of the existing heat exchanger.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the new heat exchanger comprises a plurality of microchannel heat transfer conduits in flow communication with the inlet and outlet conduits.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the new heat exchanger is an aluminum microchannel air-to-refrigerant heat exchanger.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the fluid is a two phase refrigerant.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the system is a pumped refrigerant system.
22. The method of claim 17 , wherein providing a new heat exchanger comprises modifying the existing heat exchanger in the cooling system.
23. The method of claim 17 , wherein providing a new heat exchanger comprises replacing the existing heat exchanger in the cooling system.