Real-time detection of influenza virus
The present invention provides system and methods for detecting an analyte indicative of an influenza viral infection in a sample of bodily fluid. The present invention also provides for systems and method for detection a plurality of analytes, at least two of which are indicative of an influenza viral infection in a sample of bodily fluid.
1. A method of detecting an influenza viral particle in a bodily fluid from a subject, comprising:
a) allowing a sample of said bodily fluid suspected to contain said influenza viral particle to react with a first immunoassay reagent and a second immunoassay reagent, both of which being contained within an immunoassay assembly of a cartridge, wherein said first immunoassay reagent binds to a hemagglutinin molecule to form a first immune complex on said influenza viral particle, and wherein said second immunoassay reagent binds to a neuraminidase molecule to form a second immune complex on said influenza viral particle, said immune complexes yielding one or more detectable signals that indicate the simultaneous presence of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase on said influenza viral particle wherein either the first or second immunoassay reagent is immobilized on a solid support; and
b) detecting said one or more detectable signals generated from said immune complexes, wherein said simultaneous presence of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase is indicative of the presence of said influenza viral particle.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said sample of bodily fluid is less than about 500 microliters.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein detection of said hemagglutinin and neuraminidase is indicative of an influenza type A viral infection.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said hemagglutinim and neuraminidase form immune complexes with said immunoassay reagents contained within said immunoassay assembly.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said hemagglutinin and neuraminidase comprises hemagglutinin 5 (H5) and neuraminidase (N1).
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said hemagglutinin is selected from the group consisting of H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, H7, H8, H9, H10, H11, H12, H13, H14, H15, and H16, and said neuraminidase is selected from the group consisting of N1, N2, N3, N4, and N5.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said hemagglutinin is H5 and said neuraminidase is N1.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said subject is a human.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said subject is an animal.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein said animal is poultry.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said cartridge comprises at least one sample collection unit, an immunoassay assembly containing immunoassay reagents, and a plurality of channels in fluid communication with said sample collection unit and/or said immunoassay assembly.
12. The method of claim 1 further comprising actuating said cartridge and directing said immunoassay reagents within said cartridge.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said sample of bodily fluid suspected to contain said influeza viral particle reacts with said immunoassay reagents contained within said immunoassay assembly based on a protocol transmitted from an external device.
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of transmitting said detectable signal to an external device.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cartridge comprises a plurality of channels providing fluid communication between said sample collection unit and said immunoassay assembly.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the external device is a server.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the protocol is wirelessly transmitted from said external device.
18. A method of detecting an influenza A viral particle in a sample of bodily fluid suspected to contain the particle, comprising:
a) providing an immunoassay assembly, wherein the assembly comprises a first antibody that binds specifically to a first antigen, wherein the first antibody is bound to a surface of the assembly;
b) reacting the sample of bodily fluid in the immunoassay assembly in the presence of immunoassay reagents comprising a second antibody that binds specifically to a second antigen which is distinct from the first antigen, wherein the second antibody is labeled with a detectable label, wherein either the first antigen comprises a hemagglutinin and the second antigen comprises a neuraminidase, or the first antigen comprises a neuraminidase and the second antigen comprises a hemagglutinin, and wherein said reaction yields an immune complex comprising the first antibody bound to the first antigen, and the second antibody bound to the second antigen;
c) washing the assembly to remove excess immunoassay reagents; and
d) detecting a signal generated by the detectable label from the immune complex, thereby indicating the presence of the particle.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the hemagglutinin is selected from the group consisting of H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, H7, H8, H9, H10, H11, H12, H13, H14, H15, and H16, and the neuraminidase is selected from the group consisting of N1, N2, N3, N4, and N5.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the hemagglutinin is H5 and the neuraminidase is N1.
21. The method of claim 18 , wherein the hemagglutinin is H1 and the neuraminidase is N1.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein said cartridge comprises an identifier, a sample collection unit, and an immunoassay assembly comprising said immunoassay reagents; an identifier detector reads said identifier and communicates to a communication assembly that transmits information of said identifier to an external device; a protocol associated with said identifier, said protocol being transmitted from said external device in response to the transmission of said information of said identifier to said external device; and wherein said sample of bodily fluid collected in said sample collection unit reacts with said immunoassay reagents based on said protocol to yield said detectable signal indicative of the presence of said viral particle.