A flexible stent structure includes a plurality of axially spaced strut portions defining generally tubular axial segments of the stent and constructed to be radially expandable. A helical portion is interposed axially between two strut portions and has a plurality of helical elements connected between circumferentially spaced locations on the two strut portions. The helical elements extend helically between those locations and the length of a helical element is sufficient so that, when the stent is in a radially expanded state, it can simultaneously withstand repeated axial compression or expansion and bending.
1. A self expanding flexible stent comprising:
a helical strut member helically wound about an axis of said stent, said helical strut member comprising a plurality of helical strut elements; and
a plurality of individual helical elements helically wound about said axis of said stent in the same direction of said helical strut member with said helical elements extending between and interconnecting points on subsequent windings of said helical strut member;
wherein said helical elements are elongated elements without overlapping in the radial direction both in the compressed state and deployed state;
wherein the distance between at least some adjacent helical elements in the compressed state varies along the length of said adjacent helical elements and is in a range from zero and about the maximum distance between adjacent helical elements in the deployed state; and
wherein said stent in the compressed state is longer than in the deployed state;
wherein in the deployed state the elongated elements are substantially parallel and said helical strut member and said helical strut elements define a cylinder having a constant diameter.
2. The stent of claim 1 wherein at least some of said helical elements extend helically about the axis of the stent between and interconnecting points on subsequent windings of said helical strut member which are spaced apart circumferentially by a distance which is 10% of the circumference of said stent to less than 50% of the circumference of said stent in the deployed state.
3. The stent of claim 1 wherein at least some of said helical elements extend helically about the axis of the stent between and interconnecting points on subsequent windings of said helical strut member which are spaced apart circumferentially by a distance which is 50% of the circumference of said stent to less than 100% of the circumference of said stent in the deployed state.
4. The stent of claim 1 wherein each of said helical strut elements are connected to a respective one of said helical elements.
5. The stent of claim 1 wherein every other one of said helical strut elements are connected by a respective one of said helical elements.
6. The stent of claim 1 further comprising:
a strut portion helically wound about an axis of said stent, said strut portion comprising a plurality of helical strut elements; said strut portion connected to an end of said helical strut member, said strut portion is a helical continuation of the winding of said helical strut member;
wherein said strut portion is wound with an acute angle formed between a plane perpendicular to said axis of said stent and said strut portion winding that is smaller than an acute angle formed between the plane perpendicular to said axis of said stent and the winding of said helical strut member; and
a transitional helical portion interconnected between said strut portion and a winding of said helical strut member; said transitional helical portion comprising transitional helical elements; said transitional helical elements progress helically connecting strut peaks of some of said helical strut elements of said helical strut member with strut peaks of some of said helical strut elements of said strut portion, said strut peaks of said helical strut element of said strut portion define said acute angle of said strut portion winding.
7. A self expanding flexible stent comprising:
a helical strut member helically wound about an axis of said stent, said helical strut member comprising a plurality of helical strut elements;
a plurality of individual helical elements helically wound about said axis of said stent in the same direction of said helical strut member with said helical elements extending between and interconnecting points on subsequent windings of said helical strut member;
a strut portion helically wound about an axis of said stent, said strut portion comprising a plurality of helical strut elements, said strut portion connected to an end of said helical strut member, said strut portion is a helical continuation of the winding of said helical strut member, said strut portion is wound about said axis of said stent with an acute angle formed between a plane perpendicular to said axis of said stent and said strut portion winding that is smaller than an acute angle formed between the plane perpendicular to said axis of said stent and the winding of said helical strut member; and
a transitional helical portion interconnected between said strut portion and a winding of said helical strut member; said transitional helical portion comprising transitional helical elements, said transitional helical elements progress helically connecting strut peaks of some of said helical strut elements of said helical strut member with strut peaks of some of said helical strut elements of said strut portion, said strut peaks of said helical strut element of said strut portion define said acute angle of said strut portion winding; and
said transitional helical portion interconnects about one rotational winding or less of said strut portion.
8. The stent of claim 7 where adjacent said helical transitional elements have progressively increasing or decreasing lengths.
9. The stern of claim 7 wherein said strut portion is wound about said axis of said stent having a number of windings less than about ¼ of the total number of windings of said helical strut member.
10. The stent of claim 7 wherein the number of said helical strut elements in one rotation of said strut portion winding is greater than the number of said helical strut elements in one rotation of said helical strut member winding.
11. A self expanding flexible stent comprising:
a helical strut member helically wound about an axis of said stent, said helical strut member comprising a plurality of helical strut elements; and
a plurality of individual helical elements helically wound about said axis of said stent in the same direction of said helical strut member with said helical elements extending between and interconnecting points on subsequent windings of said helical strut member;
wherein said helical elements are elongated elements both in the compressed state and deployed state;
wherein in the compressed state the distance between at least some adjacent helical elements varies along the length of said adjacent helical elements and is in a range from zero and about the maximum distance between adjacent helical elements in the deployed state;
wherein in the deployed state the elongated elements are substantially parallel; and said helical strut member and said helical strut elements define a cylinder having a constant diameter;
wherein said stent in the compressed state is longer than in the deployed state.
12. The stent of claim 11 wherein at least some of said helical elements extend helically about the axis of the stent between and interconnecting points on subsequent windings of said helical strut member which are spaced apart circumferentially by a distance which is 10% of the circumference of said stent to less than 50% of the circumference of said stent in the deployed state.
13. The stent of claim 11 wherein at least some of said helical elements extend helically about the axis of the stent between and interconnecting points on subsequent windings of said helical strut member which are spaced apart circumferentially by a distance which is 50% of the circumference of said stent to less than 100% of the circumference of said stent in the deployed state.
14. The stent of claim 11 wherein each of said helical strut elements are connected to a respective one of said helical elements.
15. The stent of claim 11 wherein every other one of said helical strut elements are connected by a respective one of said helical elements.
16. The stent of claim 11 further comprising:
a strut portion helically wound about an axis of said stent, said strut portion comprising a plurality of helical strut elements; said strut portion connected to an end of said helical strut member, said strut portion is a helical continuation of the winding of said helical strut member;
wherein said strut portion is wound with an acute angle formed between a plane perpendicular to said axis of said stent and said strut portion winding that is smaller than an acute angle formed between the plane perpendicular to said axis of said stent and the winding of said helical strut member; and
a transitional helical portion interconnected between said strut portion and a winding of said helical strut member; said transitional helical portion comprising transitional helical elements; said transitional helical elements progress helically connecting strut peaks of some of said helical strut elements of said helical strut member with strut peaks of some of said helical strut elements of said strut portion, said strut peaks of said helical strut element of said strut portion define said acute angle of said strut portion winding.