SURGICAL INSTRUMENT
A surgical instrument including base member adapted to be attached to a bone, a surgical device coupled to the base member and a marker removably attached to the base. The device can include guide, for instance a planar cutting surface for guiding a blade or a circular aperture for guiding a drill.
1 . A surgical instrument for use with a surgical navigation system comprising:
a base adapted to be attached to a bone and having a first marker connected thereto, the first marker being trackable by the surgical navigation system; and
at least two surgical devices removably, adjustably and interchangeably coupled to the base member.
2 . The surgical instrument of claim 1 , wherein the base comprises a lock adapted to couple to the at least two surgical devices to fix the position of the surgical devices relative to the base.
3 . The surgical instrument of claim 2 , wherein the lock comprises a positioner adapted to position the surgical tools with respect to the base.
4 . The surgical instrument of claim 1 , wherein one of the surgical devices comprises a second marker connected thereto.
5 . The surgical instrument of claim 1 , wherein the surgical devices each comprise a body and a shaft coupled thereto, the shaft adapted to be removably coupled to the base.
6 . The surgical instrument of claim 5 , wherein the shaft comprises a lock.
7 . The surgical instrument of claim 6 , wherein the lock comprises a groove.
8 . The surgical instrument of claim 1 , wherein the surgical devices each comprise a body and a positioner adjustably connected to the body.
9 . The surgical instrument of claim 8 , wherein the positioner is adapted to move the body with respect to the base in at least one direction.
10 . The surgical instrument of claim 9 , wherein the positioner is adapted to move the device with respect to the positioner in a linear direction and in a rotational direction.
11 . The surgical instrument of claim 8 , wherein the body comprises a guide adapted to receive a tool.
12 . A surgical apparatus comprising:
a base adapted to be coupled to a bone of a patient;
a first reference array coupled to the base;
a tool guide adjustably and removably coupled to the base; and
an adjustment mechanism, coupled to one of the base and the tool guide, the adjustment mechanism including a first positioner and a second positioner, the first positioner adapted to move the tool guide relative to the first reference array in a first direction, and the second positioner adapted to move the tool guide in a second direction different than the first direction.
13 . The surgical apparatus of claim 12 , wherein one of the first direction and the second direction comprises a rotational direction.
14 . The surgical apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the adjustment mechanism comprises a third positioner, the third positioner being adapted to move the tool guide in a third direction different than the first direction and the second direction.
15 . The surgical apparatus of claim 14 , wherein one of the first direction, second direction, and third direction comprises a rotational direction.
16 . A method of cutting a bone during a surgery aided by a surgical navigation system, comprising:
mounting a base member having a reference array to a bone;
attaching a cutting guide to the reference array and then positioning the cutting guide using a tracked instrument;
fixing the position of the cutting guide relative to the base member; and
resecting the bone.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the desired cutting location is displayed on a monitor.
18 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the resecting comprises inserting a saw blade into a cutting slot of the cutting guide.
19 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the resection is made to a femur.