LOW EMBODIED ENERGY SHEATHING PANELS AND METHODS OF MAKING SAME
Sheathing panels are produced by methods which do not require natural resources such as wood and use significantly reduced embodied energy when compared with the energy used to fabricate gypsum sheathing panels. A novel binder, consisting in one embodiment of monopotassium phosphate and magnesium oxide, and combined with various fillers, is used to provide a controlled exothermic reaction to create a gypsum board-like core which can be formed into a suitable sheathing panel handled and installed in a typical manner. The panel is manufactured to have a desirable shear resistance and water vapor permeability, important performance elements in building envelope design. The manufacturing process results in a panel that does not require mature trees as source material, does not off gas, and involves much lower greenhouse gas emissions than the processes used to make traditional wood or gypsum-based sheathing panels.
1 - 13 . (canceled)
14 . A structural sheathing panel formed with an array of through pores for the purposes of transmitting water vapor, comprising:
a binder of one or more of magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, iron oxide (Hematite or Magnetite);
one or more alkali phosphate salts selected from the group consisting of sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, triple super phosphate or dipotassium phosphate; and
water less than or equal to approximately 50% by weight of the sheathing panel.
15 . The structural sheathing panel of claim 14 where the binder comprises approximately eighty percent (80%) or less of the overall makeup of the sheathing panel.
16 . The structural sheathing panel of claim 14 where the binder comprises approximately fifty percent (50%) or less of the overall makeup of the sheathing panel.
17 . The structural sheathing panel of claim 14 where the binder comprises approximately twenty percent (20%) or less of the overall makeup of the sheathing panel.
18 . The structural sheathing panel of claim 14 where the binder comprises approximately ten percent (10%) or less of the overall makeup of the sheathing panel.
19 . The structural sheathing panel of claim 14 where the binder comprises approximately five percent (5%) or less of the overall makeup of the sheathing panel.
20 . The structural sheathing panel of claim 14 further comprising fibers selected from the group consisting of biofibers, nylon, glass and cellulose.
21 . The structural sheathing panel of claim 14 further comprising a filler of calcium carbonate and/or perlite.
22 . The structural sheathing panel of claim 14 further comprising a filler of ceramic microspheres.
23 . The structural sheathing panel of claim 14 further comprising corn starch.
24 . The structural sheathing panel of claim 14 further comprising tapioca starch.
25 . The structural sheathing panel of claim 14 further comprising a filler of flyash.
26 . A structural sheathing panel formed as an uninterrupted panel and then mechanically perforated with an array of through pores for the purposes of transmitting water vapor, comprising:
a binder of one or more of magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, iron oxide (hematite or magnetite);
one or more alkali phosphate salts selected from the group consisting of sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, triple super phosphate or dipotassium phosphate; and
water less than or equal to approximately fifty percent (50%) by weight of the sheathing panel.
27 . The structural sheathing panel of claim 26 where the binder comprises approximately eighty percent (80%) or less of the overall makeup of the sheathing panel.
28 - 61 . (canceled)
62 . A method of fabricating a structural sheathing panel, comprising:
forming a slurry comprising:
a binder comprising one or more of magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide and iron oxide (hematite or magnetite); and
at least one alkali phosphate salt; and
allowing the slurry to set in a mold.
63 . The method of claim 62 wherein said mold comprises an array of pins of diameter 0.1 mm to 2 mm.
64 . The method of claim 62 further comprising drilling the formed panel to form through the panel an array of holes of diameter approximately 0.1 mm to 2 mm.
65 . The method of claim 62 including:
adding a material to the slurry to increase the time taken for the slurry to set.
66 . The method of claim 64 wherein the material added to the slurry is boric acid.
67 . The method of claim 62 wherein the at least one phosphate salt comprises one or more of the following compounds: sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, triple super phosphate or dipotassium phosphate.