Data center uninterruptible power distribution architecture
View Patent ↗Apparatus and associated method and computer program products involve a highly efficient uninterruptible power distribution architecture to support modular processing units. As an illustrative example, a modular processing unit includes an corresponding uninterruptible power system in which only one AC-to-DC rectification occurs between the utility AC grid and the processing circuit (e.g., microprocessor) loads. In an illustrative data center facility, a power distribution architecture includes a modular array of rack-mountable processing units, each of which has processing circuitry to handle network-related processing tasks. Associated with each modular processing unit is an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) to supply operating power to the network processing circuitry. Each UPS includes a battery selectively connectable across a DC bus, and a AC-to-DC rectifier that converts an AC input voltage to a single output voltage on the DC bus. The regulated DC bus voltage may be close to the battery's fully charged voltage.
1. A power distribution system for a data center, the system comprising:
a modular base configured to be supported in one of a plurality of positions on a rack mounting structure, the base comprising:
a DC load comprising at least one digital processor operative to process data received over a network;
a DC bus configured to deliver operating power to the DC load, the power being received from a power source connected across the DC bus; and
an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) supported by the base, the UPS comprising:
a battery circuit configured to operatively connect a battery across the DC bus during a fault condition in which an AC input voltage signal from an AC generator falls outside of a normal operating range;
an AC-to-DC rectification stage comprising an AC-to-DC conversion circuit configured to convert the AC input voltage signal to a single DC output voltage signal across the DC bus when the AC input voltage signal is within the normal operating range, wherein the AC-to-DC conversion circuit is configured to regulate the DC output voltage signal to a voltage level above and substantially near a maximum nominal charge voltage of the battery; and
a controller configured to selectively activate the AC-to-DC conversion circuit to resume supplying operating power to the DC load in response to a signal that indicates that the AC input voltage signal has returned to the normal operating range.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller further controls a switch to selectively connect the battery across the DC bus.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the AC input voltage signal comprises a phase voltage signal and a neutral signal from a three phase AC system.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the AC input voltage has an r.m.s. value between about 85 Volts and at least about 480 Volts.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the AC input voltage substantially comprises a sinusoidal waveform at frequency of between about 45 Hz and at least about 500 Hertz.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the AC input voltage is connected to WYE-connected voltage source.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the AC input voltage is connected to a DELTA-connected voltage source.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein a cell in the battery comprises a battery chemistry selected from the group consisting of: lead acid; nickel metal hydride; nickel cadmium; alkaline; and, lithium ion.
9. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a charger configured to charge the battery through a path connected across the DC bus.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the single DC bus voltage is between about 10 Volts and about 15 Volts.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the single DC bus voltage is about 13.65 Volts.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the AC-to-DC conversion circuit regulates the DC output voltage signal to approximately 1 Volt above the maximum nominal charge voltage of the battery.
13. The system of claim 1 , wherein the DC bus voltage provides sufficient voltage for a linear regulator connected in series with the battery across the DC bus to trickle charge the battery to a fully charged state according to battery specifications.
14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system has only one rectification circuit configured to convert a sinusoidal AC waveform to a DC waveform.
15. The system of claim 1 , wherein a first terminal of the battery is configured to connect directly to a first rail of the DC bus, and the second terminal of the battery is selectively connected to a second rail of the DC bus.
16. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a data store, wherein the AC-to-DC converter resumes regulating the DC output voltage signal a delay time after the at least one processor receives a signal indicative of the removal of the fault in the AC voltage input signal, said delay time corresponding to a delay time parameter in the data store.
17. The system of claim 15 , wherein one of the at least one digital processors determines the stored delay time parameter.
18. The system of claim 15 , wherein the stored delay time parameter comprises a pseudo-randomly generated value.
19. The system of claim 1 , wherein the DC load comprises at least one member of the group consisting of: a central processing unit; a data storage device; a math coprocessor; and, a digital signal processor.
20. The system of claim 19 , further comprising at least one DC-DC converter configured to convert a voltage supplied on the DC bus to at least one further DC voltage.