Forehearth concentrate and method for opalization of glass
View Patent ↗The invention provides an opalescent forehearth color concentrate comprising a non-smelted agglomerated interspersion of particles for use in coloring glass, said concentrate comprising by weight from about 10% to about 70% of a glass component and from about 30% to about 90% of one or more opalescent pigments, the glass component comprising by weight from about 10% to about 50% ZnO and about 15 to about 60% SiO 2 . The invention also provides a method of using the color concentrate.
1. A process for opalizing a molten base glass in the forehearth of a glass furnace comprising:
a. forming an opalescent concentrate comprising a non-smelted agglomerated interspersion of particles, the concentrate comprising by weight
i. from about 30% to about 90% of at least one opalescent pigment, and
ii. from about 10% to about 70% of a glass component;
b. adding the opalescent concentrate to molten glass contained in a forehearth so as to impart opalescence to the molten glass; and
c. cooling the molten glass to form an opalescent glass composition.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein said glass component comprises by weight from about 10% to about 50% ZnO and from about 15% to about 60% SiO 2 .
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one opalescent pigment comprises at least one refractory metal salt comprising fluoride ions or phosphorous-containing ions.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one opalescent pigment is selected from the group consisting of AlF 3 , Al(PO 3 ) 3 , AlPO 4 , CaF 2 , MgF 2 , SrF 2 , BaF 2 , NaF, KF, RbF, and combinations thereof.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the glass component comprises:
a. about 10 wt % to about 65 wt % SiO 2 ,
b. ZnO, provided the amount does not exceed about 50 wt %,
c. B 2 O 3 , provided the amount does not exceed about 40 wt %,
d. Na 2 O, provided the amount does not exceed about 25 wt %,
e. TiO 2 , provided the amount does not exceed about 5 wt %,
f. Al 2 O 3 , provided the amount does not exceed about 5 wt %,
g. ZrO 2 , provided the amount does not exceed about 8 wt %,
h. K 2 O, provided the amount does not exceed about 25 wt %, and
i. F 2 , provided the amount does not exceed about 15 wt %.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the glass component comprises:
a. about 30 wt % to about 45 wt % SiO 2 ,
b. about 15 wt % to about 40 wt % ZnO,
c. about 4 wt % to about 18 wt % B 2 O 3 ,
d. about 8 wt % to about 22 wt % Na 2 O,
e. TiO 2 , provided the amount does not exceed about 3 wt %,
f. Al 2 O 3 , provided the amount does not exceed about 1 wt %,
g. about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % ZrO 2 ,
h. about 1 wt % to about 9 wt % K 2 O, and
i. about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % F 2 .
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the glass component comprises:
a. about 19 wt % to about 39 wt % SiO 2 ,
b. about 32 wt % to about 34 wt % ZnO,
c. about 11 wt % to about 22 wt % B 2 O 3 ,
d. about 9 wt % to about 12 wt % Na 2 O,
e. about 2 wt % to about 4 wt % TiO 2 ,
f. Al 2 O 3 , provided the amount does not exceed about 3 wt %,
g. ZrO 2 , provided the amount does not exceed about 5 wt %,
h. K 2 O, provided the amount does not exceed about 1 wt %,
i. F 2 , provided the amount does not exceed about 5 wt %, and
j. about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % S.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the concentrate further comprises a crystalline seed material selected from the group consisting of bismuth borosilicates, bismuth silicates, bismuth titanates, calcium silicates, zinc borosilicates, and zinc silicates.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the concentrate further comprises a binder selected from the group consisting of alkali metal borates, alkaline earth borates, boric acid, alkali metal phosphates, alkaline earth phosphates, orthophosphoric acid, alkali metal silicates, alkaline earth silicates, fluorosilicic acid, alkali metal fluorides, alkaline earth fluorides, alkali metal salts, alkaline earth salts, alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth hydroxides and combinations thereof.
10. A process for opalizing a molten base glass in the forehearth of a glass furnace comprising:
a. forming an opalescent concentrate comprising a non-smelted agglomerated interspersion of particles, the concentrate comprising by weight
i. from about 30 wt % to about 90 wt % of one or more opalescent pigments, and
ii. from about 10 wt % to about 70 wt % of a glass component, the glass component comprising by weight
1. from about 10 wt % to about 50 wt % ZnO,
2. about 15 wt % to about 60 wt % SiO 2 , and
3. a crystalline seed material selected from the group consisting of Zn 2 SiO 4 , Bi 12 SiO 20 , Bi 4 (SiO 4 ) 3 , Bi 2 SiO 5 , 2ZnO.3TiO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 .SiO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 .2TiO 2 , 2Bi 2 O 3 .3TiO 2 , Bi 7 Ti 4 NbO 21 , Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 , Bi 2 Ti 2 O 7 , Bi 12 TiO 20 , Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 , and Bi 2 Ti 4 O 11 ,
b. adding the opalescent concentrate to molten glass contained in a forehearth so as to impart opalescence to the molten glass; and
c. cooling the molten glass to form an opalescent glass composition.