Passive exhaust suppressor and method
View Patent ↗A passive exhaust system is described that provides effective infrared signature suppression without affecting radar cross-section while maintaining stable function in crosswinds. A passive exhaust system may include an array of ducts with each duct having a primary and secondary nozzle. Central ducts draw in ambient cooling air to create a thick cooling film along exterior surfaces and cause plume dilution, stabilize the plume flow in a crosswind, and prevent heating of visible surfaces. Visible surfaces may incorporate radar absorbing materials and may be inclined at an angle or fabricated with a diffuse surface to prevent specular reflection. Visible surfaces may be constructed from or covered with low infrared emissivity materials. A variable passive flow controller ensures a sufficient velocity exhaust flow.
1. A method of passively suppressing exhaust, comprising:
passing exhaust through a primary nozzle;
passing exhaust from the primary nozzle through a secondary nozzle at an exit of the primary nozzle offset laterally from the entrance of the secondary nozzle, wherein the secondary nozzle comprises an internal side with a convex contour positioned at the exit of the primary nozzle and adapted to permit exhaust exiting the primary nozzle and substantially directed at a tangent to the convex contour to attach to the convex contour;
causing exhaust exiting the primary nozzle to attach to the convex contour of the internal side of the secondary nozzle; and
inducing a flow of cooling air along the outside of the primary nozzle and into the secondary nozzle by the flow of exhaust passing through the primary and secondary nozzles.
2. The method of passively suppressing exhaust of claim 1 , further comprising performing passing exhaust through a primary nozzle, passing exhaust from a secondary nozzle, causing exhaust exiting the primary nozzle to attach to the convex contour of the internal side of the secondary nozzle, and inducing a flow of cooling air for a plurality of primary and secondary nozzles positioned in an array of at least three ducts, each duct comprising a primary nozzle and a secondary nozzle.
3. The method of passively suppressing exhaust of claim 2 , further comprising blocking a view of at least one hot surface of at least one of the secondary nozzles with a view blocker positioned between ducts.
4. The method of passively suppressing exhaust of claim 3 , further comprising suppressing at least one of infrared and radar signals with at least one of an infrared suppression material and a radar suppression material covering at least a portion of the view blocker.
5. The method of passively suppressing exhaust of claim 1 , further comprising inducing a flow of cooling air along the outside of the primary nozzle and into the secondary nozzle with a shroud encircling the primary and secondary nozzles.
6. The method of passively suppressing exhaust of claim 5 , further comprising suppressing at least one of infrared and radar signals with at least one of an infrared suppression material and a radar suppression material covering at least a portion of the shroud.
7. The method of passively suppressing exhaust of claim 1 , further comprising suppressing at least one of infrared and radar signals with at least one of an infrared suppression material and a radar suppression material covering at least a portion of the secondary nozzle.
8. The method of passively suppressing exhaust of claim 1 , further comprising controlling the flow of exhaust through the primary nozzle.
9. The method of passively suppressing exhaust of claim 8 , wherein controlling the flow of exhaust comprises trapping exhaust flow with a velocity insufficient to attach the flow of exhaust to the convex contour of the internal side of the secondary nozzle and permitting exhaust flow with a velocity sufficient to attach the flow of exhaust to the convex contour of the internal side of the secondary nozzle.
10. The method of passively suppressing exhaust of claim 1 , further comprising receiving exhaust from a gas turbine propulsion system.
11. The method of passively suppressing exhaust of claim 2 , further comprising further stabilizing an exhaust plume against crosswinds by positioning a flow of exhaust exiting the secondary nozzle of one of the at least three ducts between the flows of exhaust from the secondary nozzles of at least two of the other ducts in the array.
12. The method of passively suppressing exhaust of claim 11 , wherein stabilizing an exhaust plume comprises creating a lower relative pressure of the exhaust plume at the interior of the exhaust plume.
13. The method of passively suppressing exhaust of claim 11 , wherein stabilizing an exhaust plume comprises directing exhaust towards the interior of the exhaust plume by attaching exhaust to the convex contour of the internal side of the secondary nozzle.
14. The method of passively suppressing exhaust of claim 2 , further comprising positioning at least one of the ducts internally between at least two other two ducts to form at least one internal duct and at least two exterior ducts, and positioning at least one internal duct with an exit plane terminating noncontiguously with exit planes of the exterior ducts.
15. The method of passively suppressing exhaust of claim 14 , further comprising positioning the primary nozzle of at least one internal duct with an exit plane terminating noncontiguously with at least one exit plane of a primary nozzle of at least one exterior duct.
16. The method of passively suppressing exhaust of claim 14 , further comprising positioning the secondary nozzle of at least one internal duct with an exit plane terminating noncontinguously with at least one exit plane of a secondary nozzle of at least one exterior duct.
17. The method of passively suppressing exhaust of claim 14 , further comprising emitting exhaust from a secondary nozzle of at least one internal duct having a higher velocity that exhaust emitted from a secondary nozzle of at least one external duct.
18. A method of passively suppressing exhaust, comprising:
passing exhaust through a primary nozzle;
passing exhaust from the primary nozzle through a secondary nozzle at an exit of the primary nozzle, wherein the secondary nozzle comprises an internal side with a convex contour positioned at the exit of the primary nozzle and adapted to permit exhaust exiting the primary nozzle and substantially directed at a tangent to the convex contour to attach to the convex contour;
causing exhaust exiting the primary nozzle to attach to the convex contour of the internal side of the secondary nozzle;
covering the primary nozzle and the secondary nozzle with a shroud positioned around the primary nozzle and the secondary nozzle to create an inlet adjacent to the primary nozzle and an exit plan located so that the secondary nozzle is positioned within the shroud; and
inducing a flow of cooling air into the shroud inlet, along the outside of the primary nozzle, and into the secondary nozzle by the flow of exhaust passing through the primary and secondary nozzles.
19. The method of passively suppressing exhaust of claim 18 , wherein inducing a flow of cooling air comprises creating a lower pressure within the primary nozzle and within the secondary nozzle than outside of the shroud inlet.