Apparatus and methods for producing float glass having reduced defect density
View Patent ↗A float glass chamber and related methods include a hot section having an atmosphere in at least the lower plenum with less than 3 percent hydrogen based on volume and a cold section having a different volume percent hydrogen.
1. A method for making float glass with reduced defect density comprising:
melting a glass composition in an oxy-fuel furnace to form a glass melt wherein the glass melt comprises more than 0.045 weight percent of water based on the total weight of the glass melt; and
pouring the glass melt into a float glass chamber having a molten metal bath, the float glass chamber comprising:
an inlet and an outlet;
a hot section adjacent the inlet and a cold section adjacent the hot section,
delivering a first gas to the hot section having less than 1 volume percent hydrogen, wherein the atmosphere in the hot section is controlled such that the volume percent of hydrogen in the hot section is less than 1% hydrogen by volume;
delivering a second gas to the cold section having less than 10 volume percent hydrogen, wherein a first temperature of the molten glass in the hot section is higher than a second temperature of the molten glass in the cold section; and
controlling the atmosphere in the hot and cold sections such that the volume percent of hydrogen in the cold section is higher than that in the hot section,
wherein the defect density of the glass is less than 1 total defect per 100 square feet.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the molten glass in the hot section is greater than 2100° F. and the temperature of the molten glass in the cold section is less than or equal to 2100° F.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the molten glass in the hot section is greater than 1800° F. and the temperature of the molten glass in the cold section is less than or equal to 1800° F.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the molten glass in the hot section is greater than 1600° F. and the temperature of the molten glass in the cold section is less than or equal to 1600° F.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the hot section has a length in the range of 90 feet to 100 feet from where the molten glass is introduced into the float glass chamber.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the cold section has a length in the range of 70 feet to 140 immediately after the hot section.
7. The method according to claim 1 , including adding less than 1 volume percent of hydrogen in the cold section.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the glass melt comprises:
from 65 to 75 weight percent SiO 2 ;
from 10 to 20 weight percent Na 2 O;
from 5 to 15 weight percent CaO;
from 0 to 5 weight percent MgO;
from 0 to 5 weight percent Al 2 O 3 ;
from 0 to 5 weight percent K 2 O; and
from 0 to 2 weight percent Fe 2 O 3 ,
with weight percents being based on the total weight of the glass composition.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first gas delivered to the hot section has zero volume percent of the hydrogen.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein there is 0 standard cubic feet per hour of hydrogen delivered to the hot section.
11. A method for making float glass with reduced defect density comprising:
melting a glass composition in an oxy-fuel furnace to form a glass melt comprising more than 0.045 weight percent of water based on the total weight of the glass melt; and
pouring the glass melt into a float glass chamber having a molten metal bath, the float glass chamber comprising:
an inlet and an outlet;
a hot section adjacent the inlet and a cold section, adjacent the hot section,
wherein a first temperature of the molten glass in the hot section is higher than a second temperature of the molten glass in the cold section,
delivering a gas to the hot section having less than 1 volume percent hydrogen, wherein an atmosphere in the hot section comprises less than 1 percent hydrogen based on volume;
delivering another gas to the cold section having less than 10 volume percent hydrogen, and
controlling the atmosphere in the hot and cold sections such that the volume percent of hydrogen in the cold section is higher than that in the hot section.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the temperature of the molten glass in the hot section is greater than 2100° F. and the temperature of the molten glass in the cold section is less than or equal to 2100° F.
13. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the hot section has a length in the range of 90 feet to 100 feet from where the molten glass is introduced into the float glass chamber.
14. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the cold section has a length in the range of 70 feet to 140 immediately after the first chamber section.
15. The method according to claim 11 , including adding less than 1 volume percent of hydrogen in the cold section.
16. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the gas delivered to the hot section has zero volume percent of the hydrogen.
17. The method according to claim 11 , wherein there is 0 standard cubic feet per hour of hydrogen delivered to the hot section.
18. A method for making float glass with reduced defect density comprising:
melting a glass composition in an oxy-fuel furnace to form a glass melt comprising more than 0.045 weight percent of water based on the total weight of the glass melt; and
pouring the glass melt into a float glass chamber having a molten metal bath, the float glass chamber comprising:
an inlet and an outlet;
a hot section adjacent the inlet and a cold section adjacent the hot section,
wherein the hot section has a length in the range of 90 feet to 100 feet from the inlet, wherein the cold section has a length in the range of 70 feet to 140 feet immediately after the first chamber section, and wherein a temperature of the molten glass in the hot section is higher than the temperature of the molten glass in the cold section,
delivering a gas to the hot section having less than 1 volume percent hydrogen wherein an atmosphere in the hot section comprises less than 1 percent hydrogen based on volume, and delivering another gas to the 1 cold section having less than 3 volume percent hydrogen, and
controlling the atmosphere in the first and second chamber sections such that the volume percent of hydrogen in the cold section is higher than that in the hot section; wherein the defect density of the glass is less than 1 total defect per 100 square feet.
19. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the gas delivered to the hot section has zero volume percent of the hydrogen.
20. The method according to claim 18 , wherein there is 0 standard cubic feet per hour of hydrogen delivered to the hot section.