LED device having improved contrast

1. A light-emitting diode (LED) device, comprising: a substrate; a reflective electrode comprising a reflective layer and a transparent, electrically-conductive layer and a transparent electrode having one or more light-emitting layers formed there-between formed over the substrate, the overlap of the reflective electrode, the transparent electrode and the one or more light-emitting layers defining a plurality of light-emitting areas; a contrast-enhancement element located over the substrate on a side of the transparent electrode opposite the light-emitting layer, the contrast-enhancement element having a first reflected-light absorbing layer and a second layer including transparent areas and reflective areas and wherein the second layer is between the first reflected-light absorbing layer and the reflective electrode; and a patterned light-scattering layer located in only a portion of each of the reflective areas of the second layer over the substrate between the reflective areas and the reflective electrode, wherein the patterned light-scattering layer is located between the reflective layer and the transparent, electrically-conductive layer.

2. The light-emitting diode device of claim 1 wherein the first reflected-light absorbing layer is a circular polarizer.

3. The light-emitting diode device of claim 1 wherein the contrast enhancement element includes a reflected-light absorbing layer having a patterned reflective layer located on a side of the reflected-light absorbing layer.

4. The light-emitting diode device of claim 1 wherein the contrast enhancement element includes a transparent film having a patterned reflective layer located on a side of the transparent film and the reflected-light absorbing layer located on the patterned reflective layer on the side of the patterned reflective layer opposite the transparent film.

5. The light-emitting diode device of claim 1 wherein the contrast enhancement element comprises a transparent film having a reflected-light absorbing layer located on a first side of the transparent film and a patterned reflective layer formed on a second side of the transparent film opposite the reflected-light absorbing layer.

6. The light-emitting diode device of claim 1 wherein the contrast enhancement element comprises a transparent film having the reflected-light absorbing layer located on a side of the transparent film and a patterned reflective layer located on the reflected-light absorbing layer on the side of the reflected-light absorbing layer opposite the transparent film.

7. The light-emitting diode device of claim 1 wherein the scattering layer is formed over a transparent film, the patterned reflective layer is located over the patterned light-scattering layer, and the reflected-light absorbing layer is formed over the patterned reflective layer.

8. The light-emitting diode device of claim 1 wherein the light-emitting diode device is a top-emitting device.

9. The light-emitting diode device of claim 1 wherein the light-emitting diode device is a bottom-emitting device.

10. The light-emitting diode device of claim 1 , wherein the contrast-enhancement element comprises a film having holes forming the transparent areas.

11. The light-emitting diode device of claim 1 , wherein the scattering layer is located in the perimeter of the reflective areas.

12. The light-emitting diode device of claim 1 , further comprising a low-index element between the transparent electrode and the reflected-light absorbing layer.

13. The light-emitting diode device of claim 1 , further comprising a color filter located in the transparent areas.

14. The light-emitting diode device of claim 1 , wherein the transparent areas in the second layer form optically refractive or reflective geometrical structures, or form a low-index element.

15. The light-emitting diode device of claim 14 , wherein the refractive or reflective geometrical structures include conic, pyramidal, spherical, elliptical, and tetrahedral structures or portions of such structures.

16. The light-emitting diode device of claim 1 , wherein a plurality of either of the transparent or reflective electrodes is patterned over a substrate and a plurality of transparent or reflective areas are patterned over each patterned electrode.

17. A method of making a light-emitting diode (LED) device, including the steps of: providing a substrate; forming, over the substrate, a reflective electrode comprising a reflective layer and a transparent, electrically-conductive layer and a transparent electrode having one or more light-emitting layers there-between, the overlap of the reflective electrode, the transparent electrode and the one or more light-emitting layers defining a plurality of light-emitting areas; locating a contrast-enhancement element on the substrate on a side of the transparent electrode opposite the light-emitting layer, the contrast-enhancement element having a first reflected-light absorbing layer and a second layer including transparent areas and reflective areas and wherein the second layer is between the first reflected-light absorbing layer and the reflective electrode; and locating a patterned light-scattering layer in only a portion of each of the reflective areas of the second layer on the substrate between the reflective areas and the reflective electrode, wherein the patterned light-scattering layer is located between the reflective layer and the transparent, electrically-conductive layer.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the contrast-enhancement element comprises a film and the first reflected-light absorbing layer is a circular polarizer.

19. A light-emitting diode (LED) device, comprising: a substrate; a reflective electrode and a transparent electrode having one or more light-emitting layers formed there-between formed over the substrate, the overlap of the reflective electrode, the transparent electrode and the one or more light-emitting layers defining a plurality of light-emitting areas; a contrast-enhancement element located over the substrate on a side of the transparent electrode opposite the light-emitting layer, the contrast-enhancement element having a first reflected-light absorbing layer and a second layer including transparent areas and reflective areas and wherein the second layer is between the first reflected-light absorbing layer and the reflective electrode; and a patterned light-scattering layer located over the substrate only between a portion of each of the reflective areas of the second layer and the reflective electrode.

20. The light-emitting diode device of claim 19 , wherein the scattering layer is located in the perimeter of the reflective areas.

21. The light-emitting diode device of claim 19 , further comprising a low-index element between the transparent electrode and the reflected-light absorbing layer.

22. A light-emitting diode (LED) device, comprising: a substrate; a reflective electrode and a transparent electrode having one or more light-emitting layers formed there-between formed over the substrate, the overlap of the reflective electrode, the transparent electrode and the one or more light-emitting layers defining a plurality of light-emitting areas; a contrast-enhancement element located over the substrate on a side of the transparent electrode opposite the light-emitting layer, the contrast-enhancement element having a first reflected-light absorbing layer and a second layer including transparent areas and reflective areas and wherein the second layer is between the first reflected-light absorbing layer and the reflective electrode; and a patterned light-scattering layer located in only a portion of each of the reflective areas of the second layer over the substrate between the reflective areas and the reflective electrode, wherein a plurality of either of the transparent or reflective electrodes is patterned over the substrate and a plurality of transparent or reflective areas are patterned over each patterned electrode.

23. A method of making a light-emitting diode (LED) device, including the steps of: providing a substrate; forming, over the substrate, a reflective electrode and a transparent electrode having one or more light-emitting layers there-between, the overlap of the reflective electrode, the transparent electrode and the one or more light-emitting layers defining a plurality of light-emitting areas; locating a contrast-enhancement element on the substrate on a side of the transparent electrode opposite the light-emitting layer, the contrast-enhancement element having a first reflected-light absorbing layer and a second layer including transparent areas and reflective areas and wherein the second layer is between the first reflected-light absorbing layer and the reflective electrode; and locating a patterned light-scattering layer on the substrate only between a portion of each of the reflective areas of the second layer and the reflective electrode.

24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the contrast-enhancement element comprises a film and the first reflected-light absorbing layer is a circular polarizer.

25. The method of claim 23 , wherein the step of locating a patterned light-scattering layer further comprises locating the scattering layer in the perimeter of the reflective areas.

26. The method of claim 23 further comprising the step of locating a low-index element between the transparent electrode and the reflected-light absorbing layer.

27. A method of making a light-emitting diode (LED) device, including the steps of: forming, over the substrate, a reflective electrode and a transparent electrode having one or more light-emitting layers there-between, the overlap of the reflective electrode, the transparent electrode and the one or more light-emitting layers defining a plurality of light-emitting areas; locating a contrast-enhancement element on the substrate on a side of the transparent electrode opposite the light-emitting layer, the contrast-enhancement element having a first reflected-light absorbing layer and a second layer including transparent areas and reflective areas and wherein the second layer is between the first reflected-light absorbing layer and the reflective electrode; and locating a patterned light-scattering layer on the substrate only between a portion of each of the reflective areas of the second layer and the reflective electrode.

28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the contrast-enhancement element comprises a film and the first reflected-light absorbing layer is a circular polarizer.