Cathode active material, its manufacturing method, cathode, its manufacturing method, and secondary battery
A secondary battery having a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte is provided. The cathode includes a cathode active material containing at least one kind selected from the group consisting of sulfur S and phosphorus P in a portion near the particle surface of a lithium composite oxide. A content of the kind in the portion is larger than that in the particle of the lithium composite oxide.
1. A secondary battery comprising a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte, wherein
said cathode comprises a cathode active material containing sulfur in a surface portion near a particle surface of a lithium composite oxide particle, the sulfur in the surface portion is included in Li 2 SO 4 ,
wherein said lithium composite oxide has average compositions expressed by Formula 1,
Li x Co 1-y M y O b-a X a (Formula 1)
in Formula 1, M denotes at least one element selected from the group consisting of boron, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, silver, tungsten, indium, tin, lead, and antimony; X denotes a halogen element; x indicates a value within a range of 0.2<x≤1.2; y indicates a value within a range of 0≤y≤0.1; b indicates a value within a range of 1.8≤b≤2.2; and a indicates a value within a range of 0≤a≤1.0,
the anode comprises an anode active material including Si;
the electrolyte comprises (1) difluoro ethylene carbonate, (2) ethylene carbonate, and (3) diethyl carbonate;
wherein an open circuit voltage per pair of said cathode and said anode in a full charging state ranges from 4.35V to 4.6V,
wherein a center particle diameter ranges from 1 μm to less than 30 μm, wherein a specific surface area ranges from 0.1 m 2 /g to less than 1 m 2 /g, and wherein the content of the sulfur in the surface portion ranges from 0.5 at % to less than 1 at % as a ratio to the cobalt in the lithium composite oxide.
2. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein said anode comprises a carbon material or a metal material which can dope and dedope alkali metal ions.
3. The secondary battery according to claim 2 , wherein said carbon material contains at least one kind selected from the group containing graphite, easy-graphitizable carbon, and non-easy-graphitizable carbon.
4. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein said electrolyte contains a compound of fluorinated cyclic or chain-like carbonate in which a part or all of hydrogen is fluorinated.
5. The secondary battery according to claim 4 , wherein said compound is difluoro ethylene carbonate.
6. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the anode active material further includes at least one of oxygen or carbon.
7. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium composite oxide particle includes sulfur, and an amount of sulfur in the surface portion is greater than an amount of sulfur in the lithium composite oxide particle.
8. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein said anode comprises an alloy of silicon containing at least one kind selected from a group containing tin Sn, nickel Ni, copper Cu, iron Fe, cobalt Co, manganese Mn, zinc Zn, indium In, silver Ag, titanium Ti, germanium Ge, bismuth Bi, antimony Sb, and chromium Cr.
9. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein said anode comprises an alloy of tin containing at least one kind selected from a group containing silicon Si, nickel Ni, copper Cu, iron Fe, cobalt Co, manganese Mn, zinc Zn, indium In, silver Ag, titanium Ti, germanium Ge, bismuth Bi, antimony Sb, and chromium Cr.