METHODS OF MAKING AN ANTISTATIC AGENT
Disclosed are methods for making a phosphonium sulfonate salt of generic formula (1): wherein each X is independently a halogen or hydrogen, provided that the molar ratio of halogen to hydrogen is greater than- about 0.90; p is 0 or 1 and q and r are integers of 0 to about 7 provided that q+r is less than 8 and that if p is 1 then r is greater than zero; and each R is the same or different hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to about 18 carbon atoms.
1 . A method for making a phosphonium sulfonate salt comprising:
combining, in aqueous medium, an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal base, with a compound of the generic formula (4):
wherein X is independently selected from halogen or hydrogen provided that the molar ratio of halogen to hydrogen is greater than about 0.90; p is 0 or 1, q and r are integers of 0 to about 7, provided that q+r is less than 8 and that if p is not zero then r is greater than zero; and
adding to the product of this addition a stoichiometric excess of a compound of the generic formula (3) to form a precipitate:
(R) 4 P-Z (3)
wherein Z is a halogen and each R is the same or different aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to about 18 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon radical containing about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms, and
separating the precipitated product from the aqueous medium, wherein the precipitated product comprises a phosphonium sulfonate salt of formula (1):
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein three of the R in formula (3) are the same radical selected from aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals containing 1 to about 8 carbon atoms and aromatic hydrocarbon radicals containing 6 to about 12 carbon atoms, and the fourth R group is a hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to about 18 carbon atoms.
3 . The method of claim 1 , where the aqueous medium is substantially free of a cosolvent.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal base is potassium hydroxide.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the phosphonium sulfonate salt of formula (1) comprises a perfluorinated organic sulfonate anion and an organic phosphonium cation.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the perfluorinated organic sulfonate anion is selected from the group consisting of perfluoromethane sulfonate, perfluoroethane sulfonate, perfluoropropane sulfonate, perfluorobutane sulfonate, perfluoropentane sulfonate, perfluorohexane sulfonate, perfluoroheptane sulfonate, perfluorooctane sulfonate, and a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing perfluorinated organic sulfonate anions.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic phosphonium cation is selected from the group consisting of tetramethyl phosphonium, tetraethyl phosphonium, tetrabutyl phosphonium, triethylmethyl phosphonium, tributylmethyl phosphonium, tributylethyl phosphonium, trioctylmethyl phosphonium, trimethylbutyl phosphonium trimethyloctyl phosphonium, trimethyllauryl phosphonium, trimethylstearyl phosphonium, triethyloctyl phosphonium and aromatic phosphoniums such as tetraphenyl phosphonium, triphenylmethyl phosphonium, triphenylbenzyl phosphonium, tributylbenzyl phosphonium and a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing perfluorinated organic phosphonium cations.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein X is Fl.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein Z is Br or Cl.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the product of the addition of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal base with an aqueous solution of a compound of the generic formula (4) is a corresponding potassium sulfonate salt of the generic formula:
wherein M is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal.
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein M is K.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein X is Fl and Z is Br or Cl.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein three of the R in formula (1) are the same or different aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to about 8 carbon atoms or aromatic hydrocarbon radical containing 6 to about 12 carbon atoms, and the fourth R group is a hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to about 18 carbon atoms.
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the product contains less than 650 parts per million of ionic impurities.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the ionic impurities are soluble in water.
16 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the product contains less than 500 parts per million ionic impurities.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the product contains less than 100 parts per million ionic impurities.
18 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the product contains less than 5 parts per million of alkali metals.
19 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the product contains less than 500 parts per million of halide.
20 . A method for making a phosphonium sulfonate salt comprising:
combining, in aqueous medium, potassium hydroxide with a compound of the generic formula (4):
wherein X is independently selected from halogen or hydrogen provided that the molar ratio of halogen to hydrogen is greater than about 0.90; p is 0 or 1, q and r are integers of 0 to about 7, provided that q+r is less than 8 and that if p is not zero then r is greater than zero; and
adding to the product of this addition a stoichiometric excess of a compound of the generic formula (3):
(R) 4 P-Z (3)
wherein Z is Br or Cl, and each R is the same or different aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to about 18 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon radical containing about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms, and
separating the precipitated product from the aqueous medium, wherein the precipitated product comprises a phosphonium sulfonate salt of formula (1):
and wherein the precipitated product contains less than 100 parts per million ionic impurities, less than 5 parts per million of alkali metals, and less than 100 parts per million halide.