Fluorogenic protein kinase substrates

1. A kinase sensor comprising a metal chelator, a peptide and a fluorophore, wherein the chelator comprises a quinoline group and both the fluorophore and the peptide are conjugated to different positions on the quinoline group, and wherein the quinoline group chelates magnesium.

2. The kinase sensor of claim 1 , wherein the peptide comprises a kinase substrate.

3. The kinase sensor of claim 1 , wherein the quinoline group is substituted with a hydroxy group, an amino group, an amide group, a sulfonamide group or a thiol group.

4. The kinase sensor of claim 1 , wherein the fluorophore is selected from the group consisting of dansyl, xanthene, cyanine, borapolyazaindacene, pyrene, naphthalene, coumarin, oxazine, and derivatives thereof.

5. The kinase sensor of claim 4 , wherein the fluorophore is a coumarin, a xanthene or a derivative thereof.

6. The kinase sensor of claim 1 , wherein the peptide comprises a kinase recognition site and at least one amino acid residue selected from serine, threonine, or tyrosine that is subject to phosphorylation by the kinase.

7. A kinase sensor having the formula

wherein R 1 , is H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, amino, substituted amino, aminocarbonyl, aminothiocarbonyl, aminocarbonylamino, aminothiocarbonylamino, aminocarbonyloxy, aminosulfonyl, aminosulfonyloxy, aminosulfonylamino, amidino, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, (carboxyl ester)amino, (carboxyl ester)oxy, cyano, halo, hydroxy, nitro, SO 3 H, sulfonyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonyloxy, thioacyl, thiol, alkylthio, substituted alkylthio, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, or substituted heterocyclyl;

R 2 is a fluorophore, H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, amino, substituted amino, aminocarbonyl, aminothiocarbonyl, aminocarbonylamino, aminothiocarbonylamino, aminocarbonyloxy, aminosulfonyl, aminosulfonyloxy, aminosulfonylamino, amidino, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, (carboxyl ester)amino, (carboxyl ester)oxy, cyano, halo, hydroxy, nitro, SO 3 H, sulfonyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonyloxy, thioacyl, thiol, alkylthio, substituted alkylthio, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, or substituted heterocyclyl;

R 3 is a fluorophore, H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, amino, substituted amino, aminocarbonyl, aminothiocarbonyl, aminocarbonylamino, aminothiocarbonylamino, aminocarbonyloxy, aminosulfonyl, aminosulfonyloxy, aminosulfonylamino, amidino, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, (carboxyl ester)amino, (carboxyl ester)oxy, cyano, halo, hydroxy, nitro, SO 3 H, sulfonyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonyloxy, thioacyl, thiol, alkylthio, substituted alkylthio, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, or substituted heterocyclyl;

R 4 is a fluorophore, H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, amino, substituted amino, aminocarbonyl, aminothiocarbonyl, aminocarbonylamino, aminothiocarbonylamino, aminocarbonyloxy, aminosulfonyl, aminosulfonyloxy, aminosulfonylamino, amidino, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, (carboxyl ester)amino, (carboxyl ester)oxy, cyano, halo, hydroxy, nitro, SO 3 H, sulfonyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonyloxy, thioacyl, thiol, alkylthio, substituted alkylthio, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, or substituted heterocyclyl;

R 5 is a fluorophore, H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, amino, substituted amino, aminocarbonyl, aminothiocarbonyl, aminocarbonylamino, aminothiocarbonylamino, aminocarbonyloxy, aminosulfonyl, aminosulfonyloxy, aminosulfonylamino, amidino, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, (carboxyl ester)amino, (carboxyl ester)oxy, cyano, halo, hydroxy, nitro, SO 3 H, sulfonyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonyloxy, thioacyl, thiol, alkylthio, substituted alkylthio, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, or substituted heterocyclyl; and

R 6 is a fluorophore, H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, amino, substituted amino, aminocarbonyl, aminothiocarbonyl, aminocarbonylamino, aminothiocarbonylamino, aminocarbonyloxy, aminosulfonyl, aminosulfonyloxy, aminosulfonylamino, amidino, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, (carboxyl ester)amino, (carboxyl ester)oxy, cyano, halo, hydroxy, nitro, SO 3 H, sulfonyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonyloxy, thioacyl, thiol, alkylthio, substituted alkylthio, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, or substituted heterocyclyl;

wherein at least one of R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 is a fluorophore;

R 7 is H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, carbonyl, peptide or a protecting group; and

R 8 is H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, carbonyl, peptide or a protecting group;

L is a linker; and

Y is a peptide or H;

wherein at least one of R 7 , R 8 and Y is a peptide;

n is 1-5;

or a tautomer, stereoisomer, or salt thereof.

8. The kinase sensor of claim 7 , wherein R 4 is a fluorophore.

9. The kinase sensor of claim 7 , wherein the fluorophore is dansyl, xanthene, cyanine, borapolyazaindacene, pyrene, naphthalene, coumarin, oxazine, or derivatives thereof.

10. The kinase sensor of claim 7 , wherein the fluorophore is a coumarin, a xanthene or a derivative thereof.

11. The kinase sensor of claim 7 , wherein the fluorophore is:

wherein R 9 and R 10 are each independently a halogen, —SO 3 H, substituted sulfonyl, or H.

12. The kinase sensor of claim 7 , wherein L is a covalent bond.

13. The kinase sensor of claim 7 , wherein Y is H.

14. The kinase sensor of claim 7 , wherein R 1 is hydroxy.

15. The kinase sensor of claim 7 , wherein R 2 , R 3 , R 5 and R 6 are all H.

16. The kinase sensor of claim 7 , wherein R 7 is H or 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (FMOC).

17. The kinase sensor of claim 7 , wherein R 8 is H.

18. The kinase sensor of claim 7 , wherein Y is a peptide.

19. The kinase sensor of claim 7 , wherein the peptide comprises a kinase recognition site and at least one amino acid residue selected from serine, threonine, or tyrosine that is subject to phosphorylation by a kinase.

20. The kinase sensor of claim 7 , wherein the position indicated with a  bond is in the S configuration.

21. A salt of the kinase sensor of claim 7 , wherein the cation of the salt is magnesium.

22. A kit comprising a kinase sensor of claim 7 .

23. A kinase sensor having the formula

wherein R 7 is H, or a protecting group;

R 9 is a halogen, —SO 3 H, substituted sulfonyl, or H;

R 10 is a halogen, —SO 3 H, substituted sulfonyl, or H;

L is a linker; and

Y is a peptide;

or a tautomer, stereoisomer, or salt thereof.

24. The kinase sensor of claim 23 , wherein L is a covalent bond.

25. The kinase sensor of claim 23 , wherein R 9 and R 10 are both fluorine.

26. The kinase sensor of claim 23 , wherein R 7 is H.

27. A kit comprising a kinase sensor of claim 23 .

28. The kinase sensor of claim 23 , wherein the peptide comprises a kinase recognition site and at least one amino acid residue selected from serine, threonine, or tyrosine that is subject to phosphorylation by a kinase.

29. A kit comprising:

a kinase sensor comprising a metal chelator, a peptide and a fluorophore, wherein the chelator comprises a quinoline group and both the fluorophore and the peptide are conjugated to different positions on the quinoline group, wherein the quinoline group chelates magnesium, and wherein the peptide comprises a kinase recognition site and a phosphorylation site.

30. The kit of claim 29 , wherein the the fluorophore is selected from the group consisting of dansyl, xanthene, cyanine, borapolyazaindacene, pyrene, naphthalene, coumarin, oxazine, and derivatives thereof.

31. The kit of claim 29 , wherein the quinoline group is substituted with a hydroxy group, an amino group, an amide group, a sulfonamide group or a thiol group.