Mass production of tridimensional articles made of intermetallic compounds
View Patent ↗A process for mass production of three-dimensional articles made of intermetallic compounds based on titanium and aluminium by an electron beam melting technology. The articles are produced in successive sections from powders of the intermetallic compound with which the articles are to be produced. For each section, melting of the powders preceded by a preheating step is performed.
1. A process for the mass production of three-dimensional articles made of an intermetallic compound based on titanium and aluminium by electron beam melting, comprising the steps of:
a) generating a three-dimensional mathematical model of said articles and storing it in a control unit;
b) preparing the powders of said intermetallic compound with a same chemical composition as a final intermetallic compound with which said articles are produced;
c) laying down a quantity of said powders in a melting chamber to form a layer of powders with a regular and substantially uniform thickness;
d) preheating said layer of powders laid down in said melting chamber to a temperature below the melting point of said powders;
e) performing melting by scanning with a focused electron beam in the area corresponding to a cross section of said articles according to the three-dimensional model stored in said control unit;
f) taking the upper surface of the last cross section of said articles thus formed to the level of the powders located in said melting chamber and which are laid down around the portions already formed of said articles;
g) repeating said steps from c) to f) until reaching the last cross section of said articles according to the three-dimensional model stored in said control unit, said powders being powders of an intermetallic compound based on titanium and aluminium with the same chemical composition as the final intermetallic compound with which said articles are produced; and
h) performing a final cooling step of said articles at an end of their formation in an inert gas atmosphere, the cooling step being performed by feeding the inert gas into the melting chamber once a temperature of the articles has dropped below about 1200° C.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said powders and said articles are made of γTiAl intermetallic compounds.
3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said inert gas is constituted by helium or mixtures thereof.
4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said preheating step d) is performed entirely or partly by scanning with a focused electron beam.
5. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said preheating step d) is performed entirely or partly by heating said melting chamber using electrical resistors.
6. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said preheating step d) is performed at a sufficiently high temperature to cause weak sintering of the powders at least in the area of each cross section of said articles.
7. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said preheating step d) is performed at a temperature of at least 700° C.
8. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said melting step e) is performed by moving said focused electron beam along a transverse scanning path with an angle ranging from 60 to 90 degrees with respect to the one with which the melting step of the cross section below was performed.
9. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said melting step e) initially includes melting with focused electron beam along the perimeter of the area corresponding to a cross section of said articles.
10. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said melting with focused electron beam in said step e) is performed maintaining at least said melting chamber in high vacuum conditions.
11. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein during each repetition of said steps from c) to f) there is provided the formation of one or more portions to support the cross sections which are formed successively.
12. The process as claimed in claim 11 , wherein there is provided removal of said one or more supporting portions after said articles have been formed.
13. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the grain size of said powders ranges from 20 to 150 μm.
14. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the grain size of said powders is approximately 70 μm.
15. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said powders are obtained by gas atomization processes.
16. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at each cycle to repeat the steps from c) to f) there is formed a cross section of said articles with a thickness ranging from 20 to 150 μm.