Process for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons
A process for converting gaseous alkanes to liquid hydrocarbons wherein a gaseous feed containing alkanes is reacted with a dry bromine vapor to form alkyl bromides and hydrobromic acid vapor. The mixture of alkyl bromides and hydrobromic acid are then reacted over a synthetic crystalline alumino-silicate catalyst, such as a ZSM-5 zeolite, at a temperature of from about 150° C. to about 400° C. so as to form higher molecular weight hydrocarbons and hydrobromic acid vapor. Hydrobromic acid vapor is removed from the higher molecular weight hydrocarbons. A portion of the propane and butane is removed from the higher molecular weight hydrocarbons and reacted with the mixture of alkyl bromides and hydrobromic acid over the synthetic crystalline alumino-silicate catalyst to form C 5+ hydrocarbons.
1. A hydrocarbon product consisting essentially of molecular weight components in the liquefied petroleum gas range and a C 7 + fraction that is in the motor gasoline hydrocarbon products range and consists essentially of substituted aromatics, said product produced by the process comprising:
flowing alkyl bromides into a reactor wherein said alkyl bromides are reacted over a catalyst to form said hydrocarbon product.
2. The hydrocarbon product of claim 1 wherein said catalyst is a synthetic crystalline alumino-silicate catalyst.
3. The hydrocarbon product of claim 2 wherein said crystalline alumino-silicate catalyst is a zeolite catalyst.
4. The hydrocarbon product of claim 3 wherein said zeolite catalyst is a ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst.
5. The hydrocarbon product of claim 4 wherein said ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst is modified with at least one modifying cation selected from lithium, potassium, cesium, Group IA alkaline metals, or Group IIA alkaline earth metals.
6. The hydrocarbon product of claim 5 wherein said ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst is modified by ion exchange with at least one cation selected from lithium, potassium, cesium, magnesium, calcium or barium.
7. The hydrocarbon product of claim 1 wherein said alkyl bromides are reacted over said catalyst in said reactor at a temperature from about 150° C. to about 400° C.
8. The hydrocarbon product of claim 7 wherein said temperature is from about 250° C. to about 350° C.
9. The hydrocarbon product of claim 1 wherein said alkyl bromides are reacted over said catalyst in said reactor at a pressure of about 1 to about 30 bar.
10. The hydrocarbon product of claim 1 wherein said components in the liquefied petroleum gas range includes propane.
11. The hydrocarbon product of claim 1 wherein said components in the liquefied petroleum gas range includes butane.
12. A hydrocarbon product consisting essentially of molecular weight components in the liquefied petroleum gas range and a C 7 + fraction that is in the motor gasoline hydrocarbon products range and consists essentially of substituted aromatics, said product produced by the process comprising:
in a first reactor, reacting a gaseous feed containing lower molecular weight alkanes with bromine vapor to form alkyl bromides and hydrobromic acid; and
in a second reactor, reacting said alkyl bromides in the presence of a catalyst and said hydrobromic acid to form said hydrocarbon product.
13. The hydrocarbon product of claim 12 wherein said catalyst is a synthetic crystalline alumino-silicate catalyst.
14. The hydrocarbon product of claim 12 wherein additional hydrobromic acid is formed in said second reactor.
15. The hydrocarbon product of claim 12 wherein said process further comprises:
contacting said hydrobromic acid and said hydrocarbon product with water to remove said hydrobromic acid from said hydrocarbon product.
16. The hydrocarbon product of claim 15 wherein said water is an aqueous solution and said step of contacting comprises:
removing said hydrobromic acid from said hydrocarbon product by neutralization reaction with said aqueous solution containing reaction products obtained by oxidizing an aqueous solution containing a metal bromide salt, the metal of said metal bromide salt being selected from Cu, Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Ca or Mg bromide.
17. The hydrocarbon product of claim 15 wherein said step of contacting comprises:
removing said hydrobromic acid from said hydrocarbon product by dissolution into said water forming a hydrobromic acid solution, said hydrobromic acid solution being neutralized by reaction with an aqueous solution containing a metal hydroxide obtained by oxidizing an aqueous metal bromide salt solution with oxygen, the metal of said metal bromide salt being selected from Cu, Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Ca or Mg.
18. The hydrocarbon product of claim 15 wherein said step of contacting comprises removing said hydrobromic acid from said hydrocarbon product by dissolution into said water forming a hydrobromic acid solution, said process further comprising:
vaporizing said hydrobromic acid solution and reacting said vaporized hydrobromic acid solution with a metal oxide, said metal oxide being obtained by oxidizing a metal bromide salt contained on a porous support, the metal of said metal bromide salt being selected from the group Cu, Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Ca or Mg.
19. The hydrocarbon product of claim 15 wherein said hydrobromic acid is a vapor.
20. The hydrocarbon product of claim 15 wherein said process further comprises:
converting said hydrobromic acid to bromine.
21. The hydrocarbon product of claim 20 wherein said process further comprises:
recycling said bromine that is converted from said hydrobromic acid to said step of reacting with said gaseous feed, said bromine being recycled as a vapor.
22. The hydrocarbon product of claim 15 wherein said process further comprises:
dehydrating said hydrocarbon product.
23. The hydrocarbon product of claim 14 wherein said process further comprises:
contacting said hydrobromic acid, said additional hydrobromic acid and said hydrocarbon product with water to remove said hydrobromic acid and said additional hydrobromic acid from said hydrocarbon product.
24. The hydrocarbon product of claim 23 wherein said water is an aqueous solution and said step of contacting comprises:
removing said hydrobromic acid and said additional hydrobromic acid from said hydrocarbon product by neutralization reaction with said aqueous solution containing reaction products obtained by oxidizing an aqueous solution containing a metal bromide salt, the metal of said metal bromide salt being selected from Cu, Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Ca or Mg bromide.
25. The hydrocarbon product of claim 23 wherein said step of contacting comprises:
removing said hydrobromic acid and said additional hydrobromic acid from said hydrocarbon product by dissolution into said water forming a hydrobromic acid solution, said hydrobromic acid solution being neutralized by reaction with an aqueous solution containing a metal hydroxide obtained by oxidizing an aqueous metal bromide salt solution with oxygen, the metal of said metal bromide salt being selected from Cu, Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Ca or Mg.
26. The hydrocarbon product of claim 23 wherein said step of contacting comprises removing said hydrobromic acid and said additional hydrobromic acid from said hydrocarbon product by dissolution into said water forming a hydrobromic acid solution, said process further comprising:
vaporizing said hydrobromic acid solution and reacting said vaporized hydrobromic acid solution with a metal oxide, said metal oxide being obtained by oxidizing a metal bromide salt contained on a porous support, the metal of said metal bromide salt being selected from the group Cu, Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Ca or Mg.
27. The hydrocarbon product of claim 23 wherein each of said hydrobromic acid and said additional hydrobromic acid is a vapor.
28. The hydrocarbon product of claim 23 wherein said process further comprises:
converting said hydrobromic acid and said additional hydrobromic acid to bromine.
29. The hydrocarbon product of claim 28 wherein said process further comprises:
recycling said bromine that is converted from said hydrobromic acid and additional hydrobromic acid to said step of reacting with said gaseous feed, said bromine being recycled as a vapor.
30. The hydrocarbon product of claim 23 wherein said process further comprises:
dehydrating said hydrocarbon product.
31. The hydrocarbon product of claim 12 wherein said components in the liquefied petroleum gas range includes propane.
32. The hydrocarbon product of claim 12 wherein said components in the liquefied petroleum gas range includes butane.
33. A hydrocarbon product consisting essentially of molecular weight components in the liquefied petroleum gas range and a C 7 + fraction that is in the motor gasoline hydrocarbon products range and consists essentially of substituted aromatics, said product produced by the process comprising:
introducing a mixture comprising lower molecular weight gaseous alkanes and bromine vapor into a first reactor;
withdrawing alkyl bromides and hydrobromic acid from said first reactor;
flowing said alkyl bromides and said hydrobromic acid into a second reactor containing a catalyst; and
withdrawing an effluent comprising said hydrobromic acid and said hydrocarbon product from said second reactor.
34. The hydrocarbon product of claim 33 wherein said components in the liquefied petroleum gas range includes propane.
35. The hydrocarbon product of claim 33 wherein said components in the liquefied petroleum gas range includes butane.
36. The hydrocarbon product of claim 33 wherein said hydrobromic acid is a vapor.
37. The hydrocarbon product of claim 33 wherein said catalyst is a synthetic crystalline alumino-silicate catalyst.