Ultra low-emissivity (ultra low E) silver coating

1. An infrared-absorbing composition, the dry portion of which comprises, prior to firing:

a. About 65 to about 93 wt % of a silver component comprising silver powder having a tap density of about 0.4 to about 4.3 g/cc;

b. about 0.1 to about 5 wt % of a borosilicate glass fit comprising an oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of lead, zinc, bismuth, and combinations thereof;

c. about 5 to about 10 wt % of a co-ground blend of

i. a glass fit comprising an oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of lead, zinc, bismuth and combinations thereof and

ii. a metal powder selected from the group consisting of selenium and bismuth, and combinations thereof;

d. about 1 to about 10 wt % of carbon black;

e. about 0.1 to about 5 wt % of inorganic black pigment; and

f. about 0.1 to about 5 wt % of a staining compound, the staining compound comprising:

i. about 30 wt % to about 50 wt % of Ag 3 PO 4 ;

ii. about 30 wt % to about 50 wt % of MoO 3 ; and

iii. about 15 wt % to about 25 wt % of FeCr 2 O 4 ;

wherein the staining compound particle D 50 is less than 74 microns.

2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the co-ground blend further comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Cu, Co, Te, Al, Ru, Sn, an oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of metals having atomic numbers of 23 to 29, 49 to 51, FeO, and combinations thereof, wherein the total co-ground blend of such metals and oxides constitutes no greater than 10 wt % of the dry portion.

3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein 100 wt % of the silver component comprises:

a. about 75 to about 99 wt % of silver powder having a tap density of more than 2 to about 4.3 g/cc, and

b. about 1 to about 25 wt % of silver powder having a tap density of about 0.4 to 2 g/cc.

4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein 100 wt % of the silver component comprises:

a. about 50 to about 85 wt % of silver powder having a tap density of about 0.4 to about 4.3 g/cc; and

b. about 15 to about 50 wt % of silver flake having a tap density of about 3 to about 5.8 g/cc.

5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein 100 wt % of the silver component comprises:

a. about 35 to about 65 wt % of silver powder having a tap density of more than 2 to about 4.3 g/cc;

b. about 2 to about 15 wt % of silver powder having a tap density of about 0.4 to 2 g/cc; and

c. about 5 to about 25 wt % of silver flake having a tap density of about 3 to about 5.8 g/cc.

6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the silver powder has a specific surface area of about 0.25 to about 1.5 m 2 /g.

7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the co-ground blend has a particle D 50 of about 2 to about 5 microns.

8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is free of intentionally added lead and cadmium, in any form.

9. A paste composition comprising:

a. about 50 to about 90 wt % of the composition of claim 1 ;

b. about 9 to about 49.5 wt % of an organic medium and

c. about 0.5 to about 1 wt % of a surfactant.

10. A paste composition comprising:

a. about 50 to about 90 wt % of the composition of claim 5 ;

b. about 9 to about 49.5 wt % of an organic medium and

c. about 0.5 to about 1 wt % of a surfactant.

11. A composition comprising, prior to firing:

a. about 65 to about 93 wt % of a silver component comprising a silver powder having a tap density of about 0.4 to about 4.3 g/cc and a specific surface area of about 0.25 to about 1.5 m 2 /g;

b. about 0.5 to about 5 wt % of a borosilicate glass frit comprising an oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of lead, zinc, bismuth, and combinations thereof;

c. about 5 to about 10 wt % of a co-ground blend having a particle D 50 of less than about 5 microns, the co-ground blend comprising wherein,

i. glass A comprises in wt %, 50-60% PbO, 20-30% SiO 2 , 5-15% ZnO, 5-15% B 2 O 3 , 0.1-5% TiO 2 , 0.1-5% ZrO 2 , 0.1-5% Al 2 O 3 , 2-10% (Li 2 O+Na 2 O+K 2 O), and 0.1-2% F;

ii. glass B comprises in wt %, 20-30% SiO 2 , 50-60% ZnO, 5-15% B 2 O 3 , 0.1-5% TiO 2 , 0.1-5% ZrO 2 , 0.1-5% Al 2 O 3 , 2-10% (Li 2 O+Na 2 O+K 2 O), and 0.1-2% F; and

iii. glass C comprises in wt %, 50-60% Bi 2 O 3 , 20-30% SiO 2 , 5-15% ZnO, 5-15% B 2 O 3 , 0.1-5% TiO 2 , 0.1-5% ZrO 2 , 0.1-5% Al 2 O 3 , 2-10% (Li 2 O+Na 2 O+K 2 O), and 0.1-2% F;

d. about 1 to about 10 wt % carbon black;

e. about 0.1 to about 5 wt % of an inorganic black pigment; and

f. about 0.1 to about 5 wt % of a staining compound, the staining compound comprising

i. 30 to about 50 wt % Ag 3 PO 4 ,

ii. 30 to about 50 wt % MoO 3 ; and

iii. 15 to about 25 wt % FeCr 2 O 4 , wherein

the composition absorbs at least 65% of incident infrared radiation from about 700 to about 2500 nm.

12. A paste composition comprising:

a. about 50 to about 90 wt % of the composition of claim 11 ;

b. about 9 to about 49.5 wt % of an organic medium; and

c. about 0.5 to about 1 wt % of a surfactant.

13. The composition of claim 11 , wherein 100 wt % of the silver component comprises:

a. about 50 to about 85 wt % of silver powder having a tap density of about 0.4 to about 4.3 g/cc and a specific surface area of about 0.25 to about 1.5 m 2 /g; and

b. about 15 to about 50 wt % of silver flake having a tap density of 3 to about 5.8 g/cc and a specific surface area from about 0.5 to about 1.25 m 2 /g.

14. The composition of claim 11 , wherein 100 wt % of the silver component comprises:

a. about 75 to about 99 wt % of silver powder having a tap density of more than 2 to about 4.3 g/cc; and

b. about 1 to about 25 wt % of silver powder having a tap density of about 0.4 to 2 g/cc.

15. An infrared-absorbing composition, the dry portion of which comprises, prior to firing:

a. about 65 to about 93 wt % of a silver component comprising silver powder having a tap density of about 0.4 to about 4.3 g/cc;

b. about 0.1 to about 5 wt % of a borosilicate glass fit selected from the group consisting of Glass A, Glass B, and combinations thereof;

i. wherein Glass A comprises in wt %, 50-60% PbO, 20-30% SiO 2 , 5-15% ZnO, 5-15% B 2 O 3 , 0.1-5% TiO 2 , 0.1-5% ZrO 2 , 0.1-5% Al 2 O 3 , 2-10% (Li 2 O+Na 2 O+K 2 O) and 0.1-2% F, and

ii. wherein Glass B comprises in wt %, 20-30% SiO 2 , 50-60% ZnO, 5-15% B 2 O 3 , 0.1-5% TiO 2 , 0.1-5% ZrO 2 , 0.1-5% Al 2 O 3 , 2-10% (Li 2 O+Na 2 O+K 2 O) and 0.1-2% F,

c. about 5 to about 10 wt % of a co-ground blend of

i. a glass frit selected from the group consisting of Glass A, Glass B and combinations thereof, and

ii. a metal powder selected from the group consisting of selenium, bismuth, and combinations thereof;

d. about 1 to about 10 wt % of carbon black;

e. about 0.1 to about 5 wt % of inorganic black pigment; and

f. about 0.1 to about 5 wt % of a staining compound, comprising:

i. about 30 wt % to about 50 wt % of Ag 3 PO 4 ;

ii. about 30 wt % to about 50 wt % MoO 3 ; and

iii. about 15 wt % to about 25 wt % FeCr 2 O 4 ; wherein the staining compound particle D 50 is less than 74 microns.

16. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the co-ground blend further comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Cu, Co, Te, Al, Ru, Sn, an oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of metals having atomic numbers of 23 to 29, 49 to 51, FeO, and combinations thereof, wherein the total co-ground blend of such metals and oxides constitutes no greater than 10 wt % of the dry portion.

17. The composition of claim 15 wherein the borosilicate glass fit of (b) is Glass A and wherein the glass frit contained in the co-ground blend of (c) is Glass A.

18. The composition of claim 15 wherein the borosilicate glass frit of (b) is Glass B and wherein the glass fit contained in the co-ground blend of (c) is Glass A.

19. The composition of claim 15 wherein the borosilicate glass frit of (b) is Glass A and wherein the glass frit contained in the co-ground blend of (c) is Glass B.

20. The composition of claim 15 wherein the borosilicate glass fit of (b) is Glass B and wherein the glass frit contained in the co-ground blend of (c) is Glass B.