The present invention addresses a need for reducing the power consumption in a baseband filter used in a front-end wireless receiver while providing the necessary linearity. In particular, relatively high linearity can be obtained with lower power consumption than has heretofore been the case. This is achieved in embodiments of the invention using an optimized single-branch fully differential structure which operates as a “composite” source-follower (when using CMOS devices) with an ideal unitary dc gain. A positive feedback internal to the source follower allows one to synthesize two complex-poles.
1. A filter circuit, comprising:
an electrical filter having a break frequency, the electrical filter including:
a) a differential input stage comprising a first transistor (M 1 ), a second transistor (M 2 ), and at least one first reactive component, respective control terminals of the first and second transistors being arranged to receive a respective differential input, and respective first terminals of the first and second transistors being connected to a voltage supply;
b) a voltage follower stage comprising a third transistor (M 3 ), a fourth transistor (M 4 ), and at least one second reactive component; respective control terminals of the third and fourth transistors being connected to respective second terminals of the differential input stage to provide positive feedback whereby to provide complex-pole synthesis;
wherein the break frequency of the electrical filter is substantially defined only by the least one reactive component and the at least one second reactive component.
2. A filter circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the differential input stage has a differential output provided by the respective second terminals of the first and second transistors, and wherein the at least one first reactive component is connected between the terminals of the differential output.
3. A filter circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the voltage follower stage provides a differential output, and wherein the at least one second reactive component is connected between the terminals of the differential output.
4. A filter circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the first and/or second reactive components are capacitors.
5. A filter circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second transistors are both either one of i) FETs; or ii) BJTs.
6. A filter circuit according to claim 1 , respective first terminals of the third and fourth transistors being connected to respective differential output terminals of the differential input stage, each respective first terminal being connected to the opposite differential output terminal than the respective control terminal of the same transistor.
7. A filter circuit according to 6 wherein the third and fourth transistors are both either one of i) FETs; or ii) BJTs.
8. A filter circuit according to claim 1 , respective first terminals of the third and fourth transistors being connected to respective first current sources, and respective second terminals being connected to respective second current sources.
9. A filter circuit according to claim 1 , wherein said filter is a bi-quadratic filter.
10. A RF front-end comprising a filter circuit according to claim 1 .
11. A filter circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one first reactive component is a capacitor having a capacitance C 1 / 2 , and the at least one second reactive component is a capacitor having a capacitance C 2 / 2 , the electrical filter having a transfer function given by;
H
(
s
)
=
-
1
s
2
C
1
C
2
(
g
m
1
)
2
+
s
C
1
g
m
1
+
1
Equation
1
wherein gm 1 is the trans-conductance of the first, second, third, and fourth transistors.
12. An apparatus comprising:
an electrical filter circuit having first, second, third, and fourth transistors, at least one first reactive component, and at least one second reactive component;
wherein the first and second transistors provide a differential input stage and in use receive differential inputs on their respective control terminals, the at least one first reactive component being connected across output terminals of the first and second transistors that provide an output of the differential input stage;
wherein the third and fourth transistors provide a voltage follower stage, a control terminal of the third transistor being connected to the output terminal of the second transistor and a control terminal of the fourth transistor being connected to the output terminal of the first transistor such that the at least one first reactive component is also connected across the respective control terminals of the third and fourth transistors, the at least one second reactive component being connected across output terminals of the third and fourth transistors; and
wherein the break frequency of the electrical filter is substantially dependent only on the first reactive component and the second reactive component.