Substrate-enhanced microbial fuel cells
A microbial fuel cell configuration of the invention includes a substrate particularly formulated for a microbial fuel cell configured to produce electricity and/or a modified microbial fuel cell configured to produce hydrogen. A substrate formulation according to one embodiment includes a solid biodegradable organic material in a package porous to bacteria. A microbial fuel cell provided according to embodiments of the present invention includes an anode, a cathode, an electrically conductive connector connecting the anode and the cathode, a housing for an aqueous medium, the aqueous medium in contact with the anode, and a solid form of a biodegradable organic substrate disposed in the aqueous medium, the solid form of a biodegradable organic substrate formulated to support electron generation and transfer to the anode by anodophilic bacteria over a selected minimum period of time.
1. A microbial fuel cell, comprising:
a housing an anode at least partially disposed in the housing;
a cathode at least partially disposed in the housing;
an electrically conductive connector connecting the anode and the cathode;
a solid form of a biodegradable organic substrate, the solid form of a biodegradable organic substrate fully enclosed and retained in a package porous to bacteria, the package disposed in the housing.
2. The microbial fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the package is electron conductive and forms at least a portion of an anode.
3. The microbial fuel cell of claim 2 , wherein the package comprises a material selected from the group consisting of: carbon paper, carbon cloth, carbon felt, carbon wool, carbon foam, graphite, porous graphite, graphite powder, graphite granules, graphite fiber, a conductive polymer, a conductive metal, and a combination of any of these.
4. The microbial fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is a biodegradable polymer.
5. The microbial fuel cell of claim 4 , wherein the polymer is a polysaccharide.
6. The microbial fuel cell of claim 5 wherein the polymer is a biodegradable plastic.
7. The microbial fuel cell of claim 4 wherein the biodegradable polymer is substantially insoluble in an aqueous medium.