Nonseparation assay methods
Assay methods are disclosed involving specific binding reactions which are simplified compared to known methods. A compound capable of producing chemiluminescence is immobilized on a solid support as is a member of a specific binding pair for capturing an analyte from a sample. An activator compound that activates the chemiluminescent compound and is conjugated to a specific binding pair member is added in excess along with the sample to the solid support. Addition of a trigger solution causes a chemiluminescent reaction at the sites where the activator conjugate has been specifically bound. The assay methods are termed non-separation assays because they do not require removal or separation of excess detection label (activator conjugate) prior to the detection step. The methods are applicable to various types of assays including immunoassays, receptor-ligand assays and nucleic acid hybridization assays.
1. A material comprising a solid support having immobilized thereon a chemiluminescent compound comprising a chemiluminescent moiety and a linking moiety and wherein the chemiluminescent moiety is selected from acridan esters, acridan thioesters, acridan sulfonamides, acridan ketenedithioacetal compounds, acridan compounds of the formula:
wherein R 1 is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, and aralkyl groups of 1-20 carbon atoms any of which can be substituted with 1-3 groups selected from carbonyl groups, carboxyl groups, tri(C 1 -C 8 alkyl)silyl groups, a SO 3 − group, a OSO 3 − [ 2 ] group, glycosyl groups, a PO 3 − group, a OPO 3 −2 group, halogen atoms, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, amino groups, quaternary ammonium groups, or quaternary phosphonium groups, wherein X is selected from C 1 -C 8 alkyl, aryl, aralkyl groups, alkyl or aryl carboxyl groups having from 1-20 carbon atoms, tri(C 1 -C 8 alkyl)silyl groups, a SO 3 − group, glycosyl groups and phosphoryl groups of the formula PO(OR′)(OR″) wherein R′ and R″ are independently selected from C 1 -C 8 alkyl, cyanoalkyl, aryl and aralkyl groups, trialkylsilyl groups, alkali metal cations, alkaline earth cations, ammonium and trialkylphosphonium cations, wherein Z 1 is selected from O and S atoms, wherein R 6 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 4 alkyl, phenyl, benzyl, alkoxyalkyl and carboxyalkyl groups, wherein 0 or 1 or 2 of the substituents R 7-14 are selected from alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, and halogen and the remaining of R 7-14 are hydrogen.
2. The material of claim 1 wherein the linking moiety comprises an alkylene chain of 1-20 atoms terminating in a —CH 2 —, —O—, —S—, —NH—, —NR—, —SiO—, —C(═O)—, —OC(═O)—, —C(═O)O—, —SC(═O)—, —C(═O)S—, —NRC(═O)—, or —C(═O)NR— group, wherein R is C 1-8 alkyl, or a poly(alkylene-oxy) chain of 3-30 atoms terminating in a —CH 2 —, —O—, —S—, —NH—, —NR—, —SiO—, —C(═O)—, —OC(═O)—, —C(═O)O—, —SC(═O)—, —C(═O)S—, —NRC(═O)—, or —C(═O)NR— group, wherein R is C 1-8 alkyl.
3. The material of claim 1 wherein the solid support is selected from microwell plates, test tubes, sample cups, plastic spheres, cellulose test strips, paper test strips, plastic test strips, latex particles, polymer particles, silica particles, metal colloids, and magnetic particles.
4. The material of claim 1 wherein the chemiluminescent compound is covalently attached to the solid support.
5. The material of claim 1 wherein the chemiluminescent compound is covalently attached to an auxiliary substance that is immobilized on the solid support.
6. The material of claim 5 wherein the auxiliary substance is selected from proteins, peptides, serum albumin, avidin, streptavidin, antibodies, immunoglobulins, and synthetic polymers.
7. The material of claim 6 wherein the auxiliary substance is covalently attached to the solid support.
8. The material of claim 1 further comprising at least one immobilized specific binding partner for an analyte.
9. The material of claim 1 further comprising at least one immobilized specific binding partner for an analyte wherein the binding partner is selected from antibodies, binding proteins, and nucleic acids.
10. The material of claim 1 wherein the chemiluminescent compound is covalently attached to the solid support and further comprising at least one immobilized specific binding partner for an analyte wherein the binding partner is selected from antibodies, binding proteins, and nucleic acids.