Nanowire, method for fabricating the same, and device having nanowires

1. A nanowire comprising:

a nanowire body made of a crystalline semiconductor as a first material; and

a plurality of fine particles, which are made of a second material, including a constituent element of the semiconductor, and which are located on at least portions of the surface of the nanowire body,

wherein the surface of the nanowire body is smooth.

2. The nanowire of claim 1 , wherein at least those portions of the smooth surface of the nanowire body, which are in contact with the fine particles, have substantially no oxide film.

3. The nanowire of claim 1 , wherein the nanowire has an average diameter of 1 nm to 1 μm.

4. The nanowire of claim 1 , wherein the fine particles are dispersed over the entire surface of the nanowire body.

5. The nanowire of claim 1 , wherein the surface of the nanowire body includes a first region in which the fine particles are dispersed and a second region in which the fine particles have not been formed.

6. The nanowire of claim 1 , wherein the fine particles include at least one type of metallic element.

7. The nanowire of claim 6 , wherein the fine particles are made of either a metal or an alloy of the metal and the first material.

8. The nanowire of claim 1 , wherein the second material includes at least one metal that is selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, copper and iridium.

9. The nanowire of claim 1 , wherein the fine particles have a mean particle size of less than 20 nm.

10. The nanowire of claim 1 , wherein the nanowire body is single crystalline.

11. The nanowire of claim 1 , wherein the first material includes at least one material that is selected from the group consisting of silicon, germanium and carbon.

12. A field effect transistor including the nanowire of claim 1 , the transistor comprising:

a channel region, which is defined in the nanowire;

electrodes, which are connected to the nanowire and which function as source and drain regions;

a gate electrode for controlling conductivity in at least a portion of the channel region; and

a gate insulating film for electrically insulating the gate electrode from the channel region.

13. The field effect transistor of claim 12 , wherein at least some of the fine particles on the surface of the nanowire are in contact with the electrodes.

14. The field effect transistor of claim 13 , wherein portions of the nanowire that are in contact with the electrodes are doped with a dopant.

15. The nanowire of claim 1 , wherein the fine particles are chemically modified with functional molecules.

16. The nanowire of claim 15 , wherein the functional molecules include —SH groups at sites where the molecules are bonded to the fine particles.

17. The nanowire of claim 16 , wherein the functional molecules are X—(C n H m )—SH (where n and m are natural numbers) and X is —NH 2 , —COOH, —C x H y or —C a F b (where x, y, a and b are natural numbers).

18. A sensor comprising:

the nanowire of claim 1 functioning as a sensing section; and

first and second electrodes connected to the nanowire.

19. An electronic device comprising:

the nanowire of claim 15 ; and

a member that is chemically bonded to the nanowire via the functional molecules.

20. An electronic device comprising the nanowire of claim 1 .

21. The electronic device of claim 20 , comprising an electrode that contacts with the fine particles of the nanowire.