Method for producing aromatic amines or aliphatic amino alcohols
The invention relates to a process for preparing aromatic amines by hydrogenation of nitroaromatics in the presence of catalysts, in which a fluid reaction mixture which comprises amines and from which the catalysts are separated off is formed in a reactor. After the catalysts have been separated off, a measurement of the absorption of UV/VIS radiation by the reaction mixture is carried out to determine the concentration of nitro and nitroso compounds in the reaction mixture.
1. A process for the preparation of aromatic amines by hydrogenation of nitroaromatics or of aliphatic amino alcohols by hydrogenation of nitro alcohols comprising hydrogenating nitroaromatics or nitro alcohols in the presence of catalysts, wherein a fluid reaction mixture which comprises amines or amino alcohols is formed in a reactor and from which reaction mixture the catalysts are separated off, wherein, after the catalysts have been separated off, a measurement of the absorption of UV/VIS radiation by the reaction mixture is carried out to determine the concentration of nitro and nitroso compounds in the reaction mixture.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein an absorption spectrum is measured in a wavelength range of the UV/VIS radiation or the absorption of UV/VIS radiation having a single wavelength is measured to determine the concentration of the nitro and nitroso compounds.
3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein a measurement of the absorption of UV/VIS radiation by the reaction mixture is additionally carried out in a further wavelength range or at a further wavelength for the purposes of baseline correction.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalysts are separated off from the reaction mixture by means of at least one separation process selected from the group consisting of membrane filtration, sedimentation and centrifugation.
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the measurement of the absorption of UV/VIS radiation is carried out at a pressure above ambient pressure or at ambient pressure.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein an amount of nitroaromatics or catalysts fed to the reactor is regulated as a function of the determination of the concentration of the nitro and nitroso compounds in the reaction mixture.
7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein aromatic amines are prepared by hydrogenation of nitroaromatics having one or more nitro groups and from 6 to 18 carbon atoms or aliphatic amino alcohols are prepared by hydrogenation of nitro alcohols.
8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein toluenediamine is prepared by hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene and a measurement of the absorption of UV/VIS radiation is carried out to determine the concentration of essentially dinitrotoluene and aminonitrotoluene comprised in the reaction mixture.
9. The process according to claim 8 , wherein the measurement of the absorption is carried out at a wavelength in the range from 450 to 550 nm or an absorption spectrum is recorded in a wavelength range from 350 to 750 nm.
10. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said measurement of the absorption is carried out in a main stream.
11. The process according to claim 10 , wherein said measurement of the absorption is carried out in a substream branched off from a main stream.
12. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said process is for the preparation of aromatic amines and wherein said nitroaromatics are at least one nitroaromatic selected from the group consisting of nitrobenzene, 1,2-dinitrobenzene, 1,3-dinitrobenzene, 1,4-dinitrobenzene, o-nitrotoluene, m-nitrotoluene, p-nitrotoluene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,6-dinitrotoluene, 2,3-dinitrotoluene, 3,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,5-dinitrotoluene, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1,2-dimethyl-3-nitrobenzene, 1,2-dimethyl-4-nitrobenzene, 1,4-dimethyl-2-nitrobenzene, 1,3-dimethyl-2-nitrobenzene, 2,4-dimethyl-1-nitrobenzene, 1,3-dimethyl-5-nitrobenzene, 1-nitronaphthalene, 2-nitronaphthalene, 1,5-dinitronaphthalene, 1,8-dinitronaphthalene, 2-chloro-1,3-dinitrobenzene, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, o-chloronitrobenzene, m-chloronitrobenzene, p-chloronitrobenzene, 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene, 1,4-dichloro-2-nitrobenzene, 2,4-dichloro- 1-nitrobenzene, 1,2-dichloro-3 -nitrobenzene, 4-chloro-2-chloronitrotoluene, 4-chloro-3-chloronitrotoluene, 2-chloro-4-chloronitrotoluene, 2-chloro-6-nitrotoluene, o-nitroaniline, m-nitroaniline, p-nitroaniline and mixtures thereof.
13. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said process is for the preparation of aliphatic aminoalcohols and wherein said nitroalcohol are at least one nitroalcohol selected from the group consisting of tri(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane, 2-nitro-2-methyl-propanediol, 2-nitro-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-nitro-1-butanol, 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol and mixtures thereof.