Metabolically engineered cells for the production of resveratrol or an oligomeric or glycosidically-bound derivative thereof
A recombinant micro-organism producing resveratrol by a pathway in which phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) produces trans-cinnamic acid from phenylalanine, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) produces 4-coumaric acid from said trans-cinnamic acid, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) produces 4-coumaroyl CoA from said 4-coumaric acid, and resveratrol synthase (VST) produces said resveratrol from said 4-coumaroyl CoA, or in which L-phenylalanine- or tyrosine-ammonia lyase (PAL/TAL) produces 4-coumaric acid, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) produces 4-coumaroyl CoA from said 4-coumaric acid, and resveratrol synthase (VST) produces said resveratrol from said 4-coumaroyl CoA. The micro-organism may be a yeast, fungus or bacterium including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, E. coli, Lactococcus lactis, Aspergillus niger , or Aspergillus oryzae.
1. An isolated or non-naturally occurring micro-organism, wherein the micro-organism has an engineered operative metabolic pathway producing resveratrol, or an oligomeric or glycosidically-bound derivative thereof, wherein the engineered operative metabolic pathway produces:
a) 4-coumaric acid from L-phenylalanine catalysed by a phenylalanine ammonia lyase and a cinnamate 4-hydroxylase expressed in the micro-organism or from tyrosine catalysed by a phenylalanine ammonia lyase or a tyrosine ammonia lyase expressed in said micro-organism; and
b) 4-coumaroyl-CoA from 4-coumaric acid catalysed by a 4-coumarate-CoA ligase expressed in said micro-organism;
wherein the micro-organism is cultured in a media with a carbon substrate and does not require an external source of phenylalanine, tyrosine, cinnamic acid or coumaric acid, and resveratrol is produced from the 4-coumaroyl-CoA by a resveratrol synthase expressed in the micro-organism.
2. The micro-organism as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said resveratrol is produced in a reaction catalysed by an enzyme in which endogenous malonyl-CoA is a substrate.
3. The micro-organism as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said resveratrol synthase is expressed in said micro-organism from a nucleic acid coding for said enzyme which is not native to the micro-organism.
4. The micro-organism as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said cinnamate 4-hydroxylase is expressed in said micro-organism from a nucleic acid coding for said enzyme which is not native to the micro-organism.
5. The micro-organism as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said phenylalanine ammonia lyase is expressed in said micro-organism from a nucleic acid coding for said enzyme which is not native to the micro-organism.
6. The micro-organism as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a native NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) is overexpressed in said micro-organism or wherein the micro-organism comprises a recombinant CPR.
7. The micro-organism as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one copy of a genetic sequence encoding the tyrosine ammonia lyase is operatively linked to an expression signal not natively associated with said genetic sequence in said organism.
8. The micro-organism as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one copy of a genetic sequence encoding the phenylalanine ammonia lyase is operatively linked to an expression signal not natively associated with said genetic sequence in said organism.
9. The micro-organism as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one copy of a genetic sequence encoding the cinnamate 4-hydroxylase is operatively linked to an expression signal not natively associated with said genetic sequence in said organism.
10. The micro-organism as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one copy of a genetic sequence encoding the 4-coumarate-CoA ligase is operatively linked to an expression signal not natively associated with said genetic sequence in said organism.
11. The micro-organism as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one copy of a genetic sequence encoding the resveratrol synthase is operatively linked to an expression signal not natively associated with said genetic sequence in said organism.
12. The micro-organism as claimed in claim 1 , containing one or more copies of an heterologous DNA sequence encoding phenylalanine ammonia lyase operatively associated with an expression signal, and containing one or more copies of an heterologous DNA sequence encoding cinnamate-4-hydroxylase operatively associated with an expression signal, and containing one or more copies of an heterologous DNA sequence encoding 4-coumarate CoA-ligase operatively associated with an expression signal, and containing one or more copies of an heterologous DNA sequence encoding resveratrol synthase operatively associated with an expression signal.
13. The micro-organism as claimed in claim 1 , lacking cinnamate-4-hydroxylase activity, and containing one or more copies of a heterologous DNA sequence encoding tyrosine ammonia lyase operatively associated with an expression signal, and containing one or more copies of an heterologous DNA sequence encoding 4-coumarate CoA-ligase operatively associated with an expression signal, and containing one or more copies of an heterologous DNA sequence encoding resveratrol synthase operatively associated with an expression signal.
14. The micro-organism of claim 1 , comprising expressible nucleotide sequences encoding, and said micro-organism is capable of producing, phenylalanine or tyrosine ammonia lyase, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase and resveratrol synthase.
15. The micro-organism of claim 1 , wherein said 4-coumaric acid is produced from trans-cinnamic acid by cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, or said 4-coumaric acid is produced from tyrosine by phenylalanine ammonia lyase or tyrosine ammonia lyase, and 4-coumaroyl-CoA is formed in a reaction catalysed by an enzyme in which ATP and CoA are substrates and ADP is a product catalysed by 4-coumarate-CoA ligase.
16. The microorganism of claim 1 which is a bacterium.
17. The microorganism of claim 16 which is a bacterium belonging to a genus selected from the group consisting of Bacillus, Escherichia, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Corynebacterium, Acetobacter, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas.
18. The microorganism of claim 16 which is an Escherichia coli.
19. The microorganism of claim 1 which is a yeast belonging to a genus selected from the group consisting of Saccharomyces, Kluyveromyces, Pichia, Debaromyces, Hansenula, Pichia, Zygosaccharomyces and Schizosaccharomyces.
20. The microorganism of claim 1 which is a yeast belonging to the genus Saccharomyces.
21. The microorganism of claim 1 which is a Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
22. The microorganism of claim 1 which is a filamentous fungus belonging to a genus selected from the group consisting of Rhizopus, Fusidium, Gibberella , and Trichoderma.
23. The microorganism of claim 1 , wherein the micro-organism is capable of producing 0.44-0.53 μg of resveratrol per gram dry weight.