Tools for polishing and associated methods
View Patent ↗Polishing tools and associated methods are disclosed. In one aspect, a tool for polishing a work piece is provided. Such a tool may include a solid substrate with a greater than 10 wt % graphite having a high degree of graphitization. The solid substrate may have a working surface which has asperities having a tip-to-tip RA value of less than or equal to about 10 μm, and the working surface may have a surface roughness RA value of less than or equal to about 50 μm. A method for making such a tool and a method for polishing a work piece are also presented.
1. A tool for polishing a work piece, comprising:
a solid substrate including greater than 10 wt % graphite having a high degree of graphitization, and including interclating atoms, said substrate configured to carry an electrical bias, the solid substrate having a working surface including asperities having a tip-to-tip RA value of less than or equal to about 10 μm, and said working surface having a surface roughness RA value of less than or equal to about 50 μm.
2. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the degree of graphitization of the graphite is greater than about 0.90.
3. The tool of claim 2 , wherein the degree of graphitization of the graphite is greater than about 0.95.
4. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the graphite having a high degree of graphitization has a random orientation in the solid substrate.
5. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the substrate includes a metal dispersed therein.
6. The tool of claim 5 , wherein the metal is a member selected from the group consisting of In, Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, Sn, Au, and alloys thereof.
7. The tool of claim 5 , wherein the metal is a soft metal having a Moh's hardness of less than that of copper.
8. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the graphite having a high degree of graphitization comprises greater than about 50 wt% of the solid substrate.
9. The tool of claim 8 , wherein the graphite having a high degree of graphitization comprises greater than about 70 wt% of the solid substrate.
10. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the interclating atoms are selected from nitrogen, oxygen, metal ions, and mixtures thereof.
11. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the solid substrate further comprises a second carbon allotrope, said second allotrope not including graphite having a high degree of graphitization.
12. The tool of claim 11 , wherein the second carbon allotrope comprises a member selected from the group consisting of graphite not having a high degree of graphitization, amorphous carbon, diamond, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, aggregated diamond nanorods, glassy carbon, carbon nanofoam, lonsdaleite, chaoite, and combinations thereof.
13. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises greater than about 90% carbon allotrope including the graphite having a high degree of graphitization.
14. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the tip-to-tip RA value is less than or equal to about 5 μm.
15. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the surface roughness RA value is less than or equal to about 20 μm.
16. The tool of claim 1 , wherein the substrate includes nano-abrasive particles.
17. The tool of claim 16 , wherein the nano-abrasive particles are selected from the group consisting of diamond, boron carbide, cubic boron nitride, garnet, silica, ceria, alumina, zircon, zirconia, titania, manganese oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, nickel oxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, tin oxide, titanium carbide, titanium nitride, tungsten carbide, yttria, and mixtures thereof.