Polyester resin toner produced by emulsion aggregation
The present disclosure relates to chemically processed toner. The toner may be prepared by an emulsion aggregation method by forming a polyester dispersion wherein the polyester has an acid value of about 5 to about 50 and a particle size of about 50 to about 500 nanometers. The polyester dispersion may then be combined with a pigment and/or release agent dispersion wherein the pigment and/or release agent dispersion may contain a dispersant. This may then be followed by heating and recovering agglomerated toner particles wherein the toner particles may have a mean particle size of about 3 to about 15 microns and an average degree of circularity of between about 0.90 to about 1.0.
1. A method of forming a chemically processed toner comprising:
forming a polyester dispersion including a polyester having an acid value of about 5 to about 50 and a particle size of about 50 to about 500 nanometers by combining the polyester in an organic solvent that is miscible with water and introducing water and removing substantially all of said organic solvent wherein said dispersion has a pH of about 6 to about 8;
forming a pigment dispersion including a pigment in the presence of a dispersant wherein said dispersant contains a hydrophilic component and a hydrophobic component wherein the weight percent of pigment (P) divided by the weight percent of dispersant (D) provides a ratio P/D equal to about 1:1 to about 8:1 and wherein said pigment has a particle size of about 50 to about 500 nanometers;
forming a release agent dispersion including a release agent in the presence of a dispersant wherein said dispersant contains a hydrophilic component and a hydrophobic component wherein the weight percent of release agent (RA) divided by the weight percent of dispersant (D) provides a ratio RA/D equal to about 1:1 to about 15:1 and wherein said release agent has a particle size of about 50 to about 800 nanometers; and
combining said polyester dispersion, said pigment dispersion and said release agent dispersion and agglomerating in the presence of agglomerating agent, heating and recovering agglomerated toner particles wherein said toner particles have mean particle size of about 3 to about 15 microns and an average degree of circularity of between about 0.90 to about 1.0.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said polyester has a particle size of about 50 to about 250 nanometers and an acid value of about 10 to about 40.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said polyester indicates the onset of a glass transition temperature (Tg) at a heating rate of about 5° C./minute in a differential scanning calorimeter of about 40 to about 80° C.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said polyester have a peak MW as determined by gel permeation chromatography (Mp) of about 2,500 to about 40,000 and a molecular weight distribution of about 2 to about 30.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the polyester has the following formula:
wherein R1 and/or R2 and A may be an aliphatic, aliphatic-aromatic or wholly aromatic group and n may have a value the provides a Mp value of about 2,500 to about 40,000.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein said polyester comprises a co-polyester having the following random repeating unit structures:
wherein n, m and o are integers which provide a Mp value of about 2,500 to about 40,000, X is an aliphatic moiety and y is an integer having a value of 1 to 20.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein said pigment and/or release agent dispersant comprises a copolymer including a hydrophilic component and a hydrophobic component.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein said pigment and/or release agent dispersant comprises a terpolymer having the following formula:
wherein a, b and c are integers may be varied to provide a Mw of about 1,000 to about 20,000.
9. The method of claim 7 wherein said dispersant has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of about 1,000 to about 20,000.
10. The method of claim 7 wherein said pigment and/or release agent dispersant comprises a terpolymer having the following formula:
wherein the values of n and m are adjusted to provide a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of about 250 to about 5000.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ketones, amide solvents, cyclic ether solvents, ethyl acetate, sulfone solvents, and mixtures thereof.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein said pigment and/or release agent dispersant comprises a copolymer including a hydrophilic component and a protective colloid component.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein said pigment and/or release agent dispersant comprises a terpolymer including a hydrophilic component, a protective colloid component, and a hydrophobic component.
14. The method of claim 1 further comprising providing said toner particles in a printer cartridge.
15. A method of forming a chemically processed toner comprising:
forming a polyester dispersion including a polyester having an acid value of about 5 to about 50, a peak MW as determined by gel permeation chromatography of about 2500 to about 40,000, a molecular weight distribution of about 2 to about 30 and a particle size of about 50 to about 500 nanometers, by combining said polyester in an organic solvent that is miscible with water and introducing water and removing substantially all of said organic solvent wherein said dispersion has a pH of about 6 to about 8;
forming a pigment dispersion including a pigment in the presence of a dispersant wherein said dispersant contains a hydrophilic component and a hydrophobic component and indicates the onset of a glass transition temperature of about 40-130° C. and wherein the weight percent of pigment (P) divided by the weight percent of dispersant (D) provides a ratio P/D equal to about 1:1 to about 5:1 and wherein said pigment has a particle size of about 50 to about 500 nanometers;
forming a release agent dispersion including a release agent in the presence of a dispersant wherein said dispersant contains a hydrophilic component and a hydrophobic component and indicates the onset of a glass transition temperature of about 40 to about 130° C. wherein the weight percent of release agent (RA) divided by the weight percent of dispersant (D) provides a ratio RA/D equal to about 1:1 to about 15:1 and wherein said release agent has a particle size of about 50 to about 800 nanometers; and
combining said polyester dispersion, said pigment dispersion and said release agent dispersion and agglomerating in the presence of agglomerating agent, heating and recovering agglomerated toner particles wherein said toner particles have mean particle size of about 3 to about 15 microns and an average degree of circularity of between about 0.90 to about 1.0.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein said polyester has a particle size of about 50 to about 250 nanometers and an acid value of about 10 to about 40.
17. The method of claim 15 further comprising providing said toner particles in a printer cartridge.
18. A method of forming a chemically processed toner comprising:
forming a polyester dispersion including a polyester having an acid value of about 5 to about 50, a peak MW as determined by gel permeation chromatography of about 2500 to about 40,000, a molecular weight distribution of about 2 to about 30 and a particle size of about 50 to about 500 nanometers, by combining said polyester in an organic solvent that is miscible with water and introducing water and removing substantially all of said organic solvent wherein said dispersion has a pH of about 6 to about 8;
forming a pigment dispersion including a pigment in the presence of a dispersant wherein said dispersant contains a hydrophilic component and a hydrophobic component wherein the weight percent of pigment (P) divided by the weight percent of dispersant (D) provides a ratio P/D equal to about 1:1 to about 8:1 and wherein said pigment has a particle size of about 50 to about 500 nanometers;
forming a release agent dispersion including a release agent in the presence of a dispersant wherein said dispersant contains a hydrophilic component and a hydrophobic component wherein the weight percent of release agent (RA) divided by the weight percent of dispersant (D) provides a ratio RA/D equal to about 1:1 to about 15:1 and wherein said release agent has a particle size of about 50 to about 800 nanometers; and
combining said polyester dispersion, said pigment dispersion and said release agent dispersion and agglomerating in the presence of agglomerating agent, heating and recovering agglomerated toner particles wherein said toner particles have mean particle size of about 1 to about 10 microns and an average degree of circularity of greater than about 0.93.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein said polyester has a particle size of about 50 to about 250 nanometers and an acid value of about 10 to about 40.
20. The method of claim 18 further comprising providing said toner particles in a printer cartridge.