Method for detecting and quantifying drilling anomalies
View Patent ↗A method for detecting and optionally a method for quantifying drilling anomalies in a metal part. The drilling method includes determining a value set of at least one of the two following parameters, depending on the time: the penetration axial stress of a drill bit into the metal part and the torque generated during at least one portion part of the drilling.
1. A method for detecting and optionally quantifying drilling anomalies in a metal part, a drilling operation having been performed on said metal part by a drill bit, wherein said method comprises determining on the one hand a value set of at least one of the two following parameters, depending on the penetration axial stress of the drill bit into the metal part Fz(t) and the torque C(t), generated during at least one part of the drilling operation, followed by isolating the Fz threshold and C threshold values corresponding to a threshold and representative of the absence of any anomaly, the Fz max and C max values corresponding to the maximum values and being representative of the presence of an anomaly, and then determining at least the Fz max /Fz threshold and C max /C threshold ratios or the Area Fzmax /Area Fzthreshold or Area Cmax /Area Cthreshold area ratios that are the areas under the Fz(t) or C(t) curves having as a lower boundary Fz threshold or C threshold and as a higher boundary Fz max or C max related to the areas under the Fz(t) or C(t) curves having as a higher boundary Fz threshold or C threshold , so as indicate the anomaly type and optionally its severity.
2. A method according to claim 1 further comprising isolating the values Fz moy (Nb) and C moy (Nb) as a function of the number of bores being drilled and corresponding to the mean values of signals at the inlet of cutting edges in the material and followed by determining at least the Fz moy (Nb)/Fz moy (Nb=1) or C moy (Nb)/−C moy (Nb=1) ratios, and further isolating a set of values associated to the rake wear Vb of the drill bit such as Nb crit. corresponding to the critical number of bores being drilled according to which Vb=0.3 mm (rejection of the drill bit), Vb* and Nb* corresponding to the first occurrence of the anomaly under consideration, so as to indicate the occurrence of a anomaly associated to wear.
3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein a CCI type anomaly is determined from the variation range of the [C max /C threshold ] CCI >1 ratio and a [Fz max /Fz threshold ] CCI =1 ratio.
4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein a CCI and BMC combined type anomaly is determined from the variation range of the [C max /C threshold ] CCI+BMC >−[C max /C threshold ] CCI >1 ratio and a [Fz max /Fz threshold ] CCI+BMC =1 ratio.
5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein a CCI, BMC and ZATM combined type anomaly is determined from the variation range of the [C max /C threshold ] CCI+BMC+ZATM >−(C max /C threshold ] CCI+BMC >1 ration and a [Fz max /Fz threshold ] CCI+BMC+ZATM >1 ratio.
6. A method according to claim 5 , wherein the Fz max /Fz threshold ratio is plotted as a function of the measured or calculated drilling time tp and having its slope E being expressed as E=A.60 −n ,V c n .
7. A method according to claim 6 , wherein the constants A and n are determined plotting the slope E of the previous straight line as a function of
Fz
threshold
Fz
threshold
=
E
·
tp
Vc on a logarithmic scale, i.e. lnE=n.lnV c +ln(A.60 −n ).
8. A method according to claim 7 , wherein the constants B and α are determined plotting the experimental values of the ZATM max as a function of the product
Fz
max
Fz
threshold
·
tp
,
said experimental values being expressed as
ZATM
max
=
B
·
(
Fz
max
Fz
threshold
·
tp
)
α
.
9. A method according to claim 8 , wherein a severity criterion is determined based on the thickness of the ZATM max as a function of geometric parameters (Lp, D) and of cutting parameters (Vc, f) being expressed as:
ZATM max =B.(A 1 .V c n−2 .L p 2 .D 2 .∫ −2 ) α
b. with A′=A.( 10 − .60 2−n π 2 ), and constants A, α, B and n being intrinsic to the tool/material assembly.
10. A method according to claim 1 , wherein four constants A, α, B and n are determined, being intrinsic to a tool/material assembly used with the method.
11. A method according to claim 5 , wherein a severity criterion is determined from the torque, involving expressing the experimental values of the ZATM max as a function of the maximum energy EC max dissipated during the cutting operation deduced from the max C max torque , from Vc, from D and from the calculated or the measured drilling time tp, being expressed as:
a
.
ZATM
max
=
F
·
(
10
3
·
C
max
·
V
c
30
·
D
·
tp
)
λ
-
G
b
.
with
Ec
max
=
10
3
·
C
max
·
V
c
30
·
D
·
tp
,
and constants λ, F and G being intrinsic to the tool/material assembly under consideration.
12. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the areas are calculated under the Fz(t) and C(t) curves, when signals Fz and C of any anomaly do not show any threshold value or maximum value and when the C max /C threshold or Fz max /Fz threshold ratios are identical for two identical typical bores showing different anomaly seventies.
13. A method according to claim 12 , wherein the Area Fzmax /Area Fzthreshold or Area Cmax /Area Cthreshold area ratios are calculated for quantifying the anomaly severity.
14. A method according to claim 2 , wherein a CCI+BMC type anomaly is detected, associated to the wear in Vb of the drill bit in the case of a drilling operation with lubrication, wherein the parameter p is determined plotting the values for Vb/Vb crit. as a function of the values of Nb/Nb crit. , and approximating them according to a power law of the type:
Vb
Vb
crit
.
=
(
Nb
Nb
crit
.
)
p
.
15. A method according to claim 14 , wherein for each of the cutting conditions under study, the master curve Vb*/Vb crit. is plotted as a function of Nb/Nb crit. .
16. A method according to claim 2 , wherein the parameter q is determined plotting values for Fz moy (Nb)/Fz moy (Nb=1) as a function of Nb for the different cutting conditions under study, and approximating them using a power law of the following type:
Fz
moy
(
Nb
)
Fz
moy
(
Nb
=
1
)
=
Nb
q
.
17. A method according to claim 2 , wherein for a given tool/material assembly, Fz moy (Nb)/Fz moy (Nb=1) is expressed as a function of the standard wear Vb/Vb crit. using the following relationship:
Fz
moy
(
Nb
)
Fz
moy
(
Nb
=
1
)
=
Nb
crit
.
q
·
(
Vb
Vb
crit
.
)
q
/
p
.
18. A method according to claim 15 , wherein on an equation curve for each cutting condition
Fz
moy
(
Nb
)
Fz
moy
(
Nb
=
1
)
=
Nb
crit
.
q
·
(
Vb
Vb
crit
.
)
q
/
p
,
the Vb*/Vb crit. values corresponding to the occurrence of the anomaly under consideration of the CCI+BMC type are plotted and Fz* moy (Nb*)/Fz moy (Nb=1) thereof is determined, being the detection criterion of the CCI+BMC type anomaly, independent from the cutting conditions and intrinsic to the tool/material assembly under consideration and for which Fz moy (Nb)/Fz moy (Nb=1)>Fz* moy (Nb*)/Fz moy (Nb =1) indicates the presence of the anomaly under consideration.
19. A method according to claim 2 , wherein the area analysis is used for defining a detection criterion of a typical anomaly, as a result of a rake wear of the drill bit, where the surface of the anomaly under consideration is reported to that corresponding to the absence of any anomaly defined by the first bore.
20. A device for implementing the method according to claim 1 , comprising a means for representing and treating transversal stresses Fx, Fy and an axial stress Fz as a function of the time between t 0 and t 4 , a means for storing data representative of signals for the detection and the quantification of anomalies and a means for representing and treating such data as well as those associated to the rake wear of the drill bit.