Spectrally adjustable filter

1. An apparatus for spectrally filtering at least one input beam, comprising:

a spectrally dispersive element configured to disperse spectral components of at least one input beam at respective angles in a spectral plane;

one or more optical elements configured to change at least some of the angles of the propagation axes of the dispersed spectral components; and

a reflective surface configured to receive a plurality of the dispersed spectral components, and to tilt to select at least one and fewer than all of the received spectral components to be directed to an output spatial mode;

wherein the one or more optical elements are configured such that the transverse spatial extent of the input beam on the spectrally dispersive element is larger than the transverse spatial extent of the plurality of dispersed spectral components incident on the reflective surface, and the one or more optical elements are further configured to limit the total angular dispersion of the dispersed spectral components to be less than a tilt range of the reflective surface.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein directing a selected spectral component to the output spatial mode comprises directing the selected spectral component back to the spectrally dispersive element along substantially the same angle in the spectral plane at which the selected spectral component was dispersed, and along a different angle in a plane perpendicular to the spectral plane from the angle at which the selected spectral component was dispersed.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the transverse spatial extent of the input beam on the spectrally dispersive element is at least about two times larger than the transverse spatial extent of the plurality of dispersed spectral components incident on the reflective surface.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reflective surface is configured to direct the received spectral components to a reflector that reflects at least one and fewer than all of the received spectral components back to the reflective surface and back to the spectrally dispersive element to be directed to the output spatial mode.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein a tilt angle of the reflective surface determines which of the received spectral components is incident on the reflector.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reflective surface is configured to tilt to select at least one and fewer than all of the received spectral components to be directed to an output spatial mode that matches a spatial mode of a corresponding input beam.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 , further comprising a first multiport optical element configured to couple light received at a first port to a second port to provide a first input beam to the spectrally dispersive element, and to couple light received at the second port in the spatial mode of the first input beam to a third port.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 , further comprising a second multiport optical element configured to couple light received at a first port to a second port to provide a second input beam to the spectrally dispersive element, and to couple light received at the second port in the spatial mode of the second input beam to a third port.

9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the first and second multiport optical elements are configured to satisfy at least one of the following conditions:

to provide the first and second input beams, respectively, to the spectrally dispersive element at different angles in the spectral plane; and

to provide the first and second input beams, respectively, to different locations of the spectrally dispersive element.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reflective surface is configured to receive dispersed spectral components from multiple input beams, and to tilt to select at least one and fewer than all of the received spectral components of a given input beam to be directed to a corresponding output spatial mode.

11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the spectrally dispersive element comprises a diffraction grating.

12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the spectrally dispersive element is fixed relative to an input beam incident on the spectrally dispersive element.

13. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising one or more optical elements configured to expand the input beam provided to the spectrally dispersive element.

14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more optical elements are configured to limit the total angular dispersion of the dispersed spectral components to about 80% of the tilt range of the reflective surface.

15. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a controller configured to provide a control signal to scan a tilt angle of the reflective surface to sequentially direct spectral components that have been dispersed at different angles back to the spectrally dispersive element.

16. The apparatus of claim 15 , further comprising at least one detector configured to receive at least a portion of a spectral component that has been directed back to the spectrally dispersive element, and to provide an electrical signal proportional to the intensity of the received portion.

17. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein a first detector detects spectral components from a first input beam that has a known spectrum to provide a wavelength calibration reference, and a second detector detects spectral components of a second input beam to measure a spectrum of the second input beam that is calibrated according to the wavelength calibration reference.

18. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein a single scan of the tilt angle of the reference surface provides both the wavelength calibration reference and the measured spectrum of the second input beam.

19. The apparatus of claim 16 , further comprising a splitter to direct a first portion of a spectral component to a slow-speed detector that measures one or more of wavelength, optical power, and optical signal-to-noise ratio, and to direct a second portion of the spectral component to a high-speed detector that measures one or more of bit rate, bit-error rate, and Q.

20. The apparatus of claim 16 , further comprising a polarizer between the spectrally dispersive element and the detector.

21. A method for spectrally filtering at least one input beam, comprising:

dispersing spectral components of at least one input beam at respective angles in a spectral plane;

changing at least some of the angles of the propagation axes of the dispersed spectral components so that a plurality of the spectral components reflect from a single reflective surface, and so that the transverse spatial extent of the input beam on the spectrally dispersive element is larger than the transverse spatial extent of the plurality of dispersed spectral components incident on the reflective surface, and to limit the total angular dispersion of the dispersed spectral components to be less than a tilt range of the reflective surface; and

tilting the reflective surface to select at least one and fewer than all of the received spectral components to be directed to an output spatial mode.

22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the transverse spatial extent of the input beam on the spectrally dispersive element is at least about two times larger than the transverse spatial extent of the plurality of dispersed spectral components incident on the reflective surface.

23. The method of claim 21 , wherein tilting the reflective surface to select at least one and fewer than all of the received spectral components to be directed to an output spatial mode comprises directing the received spectral components to a reflector that reflects at least one and fewer than all of the received spectral components back to the reflective surface and back to the spectrally dispersive element to be directed to the output spatial mode.

24. The method of claim 23 , wherein a tilt angle of the reflective surface determines which of the received spectral components is incident on the reflector.