Hydrophone array module
A hydrophone array includes hydrophones having an electret means and may have TFT FETs to generate current in response to received longitudinal wave signals. The arrangement may also be used to transmit longitudinal wave signals. Storage capacitors may be coupled to each TFT FET output to act as sample and hold means. Digital switches may allow the sample and hold circuit to both reset and measure the output of the hydrophone element. Data lines may be used to indicate the location of the received signal on the longitudinal wave detector sensor array.
1. A longitudinal wave sensor, comprising:
an outer receiving electrode positioned to receive longitudinal wave energy;
a compressible electret element coupled to the receiving electrode so as to receive pressure from the receiving electrode when longitudinal wave energy is received;
an array of inner electrodes, at least one of the inner electrodes being coupled to the electret element, wherein as the pressure on the electret element changes the charge on the inner electrode changes;
an array of switches, each switch electrically coupled with one of the inner electrodes so as to receive changes in the charge on the inner electrode; and
a substrate supporting the switches.
2. The longitudinal wave sensor of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the switches includes at least one transistor.
3. The longitudinal wave sensor of claim 2 , wherein the transistor is a thin-film transistor.
4. The longitudinal wave sensor of claim 3 , wherein the thin-film transistor includes amorphous silicon, polysilicon or semiconducting polymeric resin.
5. The longitudinal wave sensor of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the switches is a field-effect transistor.
6. The longitudinal wave sensor of claim 1 , wherein there is an array of discrete electret elements each of which is coupled with one of the inner electrodes.
7. The longitudinal wave sensor of claim 1 , wherein the electret element is associated with more than one inner electrode.
8. The longitudinal wave sensor of claim 1 , wherein the electret material includes polyvinylidenefluoride (“PVDF”) polymer.
9. The longitudinal wave sensor of claim 1 , wherein the electret material includes a copolymer of PVDF and trifluoroethylene (“TrFE”).
10. The longitudinal wave sensor of claim 1 wherein the electret material is a polymer, ceramic, crystalline or polycrystalline material exhibiting electret properties.
11. A longitudinal wave emitter, comprising:
an outer transmitting electrode positioned to send longitudinal wave energy;
a compressible electret element coupled to the transmitting electrode, the electret element being compressible so as to create a longitudinal wave from the transmitting electrode in response to changes in a thickness of the electret element;
an array of inner electrodes, at least one of the inner electrodes being coupled to the electret element, wherein as the voltage on the inner electrodes changes relative to the voltage on the outer transmitting electrode, the thickness of the electret element changes;
an array of switches, each switch electrically coupled with one of the inner electrodes so as to alter the voltage on the inner electrode; and
a substrate supporting the switches.
12. The longitudinal wave emitter of claim 11 , wherein at least one of the switches includes at least one transistor.
13. The longitudinal wave emitter of claim 12 , wherein the transistor is a thin-film transistor.
14. The longitudinal wave emitter of claim 13 , wherein the thin-film transistor includes amorphous silicon, polysilicon or semiconducting polymeric resin.
15. The longitudinal wave emitter of claim 11 , wherein at least one of the switches is a field-effect transistor.
16. The longitudinal wave emitter of claim 11 , wherein there is an array of discrete electret elements each of which is coupled with one of the inner electrodes.
17. The longitudinal wave emitter of claim 11 , wherein the electret element is associated with more than one inner electrode.
18. The longitudinal wave emitter of claim 11 , wherein the electret material includes polyvinylidenefluoride (“PVDF”) polymer.
19. The longitudinal wave emitter of claim 11 , wherein the electret material includes a copolymer of PVDF and trifluoroethylene (“TrFE”).
20. The longitudinal wave emitter of claim 11 wherein the electret material is a polymer, ceramic, crystalline or polycrystalline material exhibiting electret properties.