PEM fuel cell with improved water management
View Patent ↗A product including a polymer electrolyte membrane, an electrode over the membrane, a gas diffusion media layer over the electrode, and a hydrophilic layer over the gas diffusion media layer.
1. A product comprising:
a polymer electrolyte membrane comprising a first face and a second face;
a cathode electrode over the first face of the polymer electrolyte membrane;
a first gas diffusion media layer over the cathode electrode;
a first porous carbon cloth or mat layer that does not include any hydrophobic material therein over the first gas diffusion media layer, and wherein the first porous carbon cloth or mat layer includes polar functional groups or physical features that render the porous carbon cloth or mat layer hydrophilic;
an anode electrode over the second face of the polymer electrolyte membrane;
a second gas diffusion media layer over the anode electrode
a second porous carbon cloth or mat layer that does not include any hydrophobic material therein over the second gas diffusion media layer, and wherein the first porous carbon cloth or mat layer includes polar functional groups or physical features that render the porous carbon cloth or mat layer hydrophilic;
a first fuel cell bipolar plate comprising a first face and a reactant gas flow field defined in the first face, the reactant gas flow field comprising a plurality of lands and channels, wherein the channels do not include a hydrophilic coating thereon, and wherein the first fuel cell bipolar plate overlies the first porous carbon cloth or mat layer; and
a second fuel cell bipolar plate comprising a first face and a reactant gas flow field defined in the first face, the reactant gas flow field comprising a plurality of lands and channels, wherein the channels do not include a hydrophilic coating thereon, and wherein the second fuel cell bipolar plate overlies the second porous carbon cloth or mat layer.
2. A product as set forth in claim 1 further comprising a first microporous layer over the cathode electrode.
3. A product as set forth in claim 1 further comprising a second microporous layer over the anode electrode.
4. A product as set forth in claim 1 wherein the first porous carbon cloth or mat layer has a thickness of about 1 to about 8 mils.
5. A product as set forth in claim 1 wherein the second porous carbon cloth or mat layer has a thickness of about 1 to about 8 mils.
6. A product as set forth in claim 1 wherein the first fuel cell bipolar plate and the second fuel cell bipolar plate comprise one of a metal, a metal alloy, or a composite.
7. A product as set forth in claim 1 wherein the first fuel cell bipolar plate and the second fuel cell bipolar plate comprise stainless steel.
8. A product comprising:
a polymer electrolyte membrane;
an electrode over the membrane;
a gas diffusion media layer over the electrode;
a porous carbon cloth or mat layer that does not include any hydrophobic material therein over the gas diffusion media layer, wherein the first porous carbon cloth or mat layer has a thickness ranging between 1 and 8 mils and includes polar functional groups or physical features that render the porous carbon cloth or mat layer hydrophilic; and
a stainless steel fuel cell bipolar plate comprising a reactant gas flow field defined by a plurality of lands and channels over and in contact with the porous carbon cloth or mat layer.
9. A product as set forth in claim 8 wherein the lands of the stainless steel fuel cell bipolar plate contact the porous carbon cloth or mat layer and the channels of the stainless steel fuel cell bipolar plate do not include a hydrophilic coating thereon for contact with water contained in a reactant gas flowing through the reactant gas flow field.
10. A product as set forth in claim 8 further comprising a microporous layer over the electrode.
11. A process comprising:
providing a polymer electrolyte membrane comprising a first face and a second face;
providing a cathode electrode over the first face of the polymer electrolyte membrane;
providing a first gas diffusion media layer over the cathode electrode;
providing a first porous carbon cloth or mat layer that does not include any hydrophobic material therein over the first gas diffusion media layer;
providing an anode electrode over the second face of the polymer electrolyte membrane;
providing a second gas diffusion media layer over the anode electrode; and
providing a second porous carbon cloth or mat layer that does not include any hydrophobic material therein over the second gas diffusion media layer;
treating at least one of the first or second porous carbon cloth or mat layers to render the least one of the first or second porous carbon cloth or mat layers hydrophilic;
providing a first fuel cell bipolar plate over the first porous carbon cloth or mat layer, wherein the first fuel cell bipolar plate comprises a first face and a reactant gas flow field defined in the first face, the reactant gas flow field comprising a plurality of lands and channels; and
providing a second fuel cell bipolar plate over the second porous carbon cloth or mat layer, wherein the second fuel cell bipolar plate comprises a first face and a reactant gas flow field defined in the first face, the reactant gas flow field comprising a plurality of lands and channels.
12. A process as set forth in claim 11 further comprising providing a first microporous layer over the cathode electrode.
13. A process as set forth in claim 11 further comprising providing a second microporous layer over the anode electrode.
14. A process as set forth in claim 11 wherein the first porous carbon cloth or mat layer has a thickness of about 1 to about 8 mils.
15. A process as set forth in claim 11 wherein the second porous carbon cloth or mat layer has a thickness of about 1 to about 8 mils.
16. A process as set forth in claim 11 wherein the first fuel cell bipolar plate and the second fuel cell bipolar plate comprise one of a metal, a metal alloy, or a composite.
17. A process as set forth in claim 11 wherein the first fuel cell bipolar plate and the second fuel cell bipolar plate comprise stainless steel.
18. A process as set forth in claim 11 wherein treating the at least one of the first or second porous carbon cloth or mat layers comprises creating polar function groups on the at least one of the first or second porous carbon cloth or mat layers.
19. A process as set forth in claim 18 wherein creating polar functional groups is accomplished using an oxidizing agent.
20. A process as set forth in claim 19 wherein the oxidizing agent comprises at least one of chromic acid, potassium permanganate, or nitric acid.
21. A process as set forth in claim 11 wherein treating the at least one of the first or second porous carbon cloth or mat layers comprises open air plasma assisted physical vapor deposition.
22. A process as set forth in claim 11 wherein treating the at least one of the first or second porous carbon cloth or mat layers comprises ion beam assisted physical vapor deposition.
23. A process as set forth in claim 11 wherein the lands of the first or second fuel cell bipolar plate contact the at least one of the first or second porous carbon cloth or mat layers that has been treated and the channels of the same fuel cell bipolar plate do not include a hydrophilic coating thereon for contact with water contained in a reactant gas flowing through the reactant gas flow field.