Metal oxide nanoparticles for smoke clearing and fire suppression
Methods of reducing smoke levels in smoke-affected areas, reducing the level of toxic compounds produced by fires, fire suppression, and increasing flame retardancy. In particular, methods according to the present invention comprise dispersing nanocrystalline particles in the areas affected by smoke for sorption of smoke particulates and toxic compounds produced from a fire. The nanocrystalline particles are also effective for use in methods of fire suppression and flame retardancy.
1. A method of fire suppression comprising the step of applying a quantity of nanocrystalline particles onto an open flame or smoldering material, said nanocrystalline particles having an average crystallite size of less than about 25 nm and a surface area of at least about 15 m 2 /g, said nanocrystalline particles being selected from the group consisting of: the metal oxides of Mg, Sr, Ba, Ca, Fe, V, Mn, Ni, Cu, Al, and Ag; the metal hydroxides of Na, Mg, Sr, Ba, Ca, Fe, V, Mn, Ni, Cu, Al, and Ag; carbonate compounds; bicarbonate compounds; phosphorus: inorganic phosphorous compounds; boron compounds; antimony compounds; molybdenum compounds; titanium compounds; zirconium compounds; zinc compounds; sulfamates; sulfates; bromine compounds; chlorine compounds; and mixtures thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , said application step comprising spraying said nanocrystalline particles onto said fire from a pressurized container.
3. The method of claim 2 , said nanocrystalline particles being dispensed from said pressurized container at a pressure of between about 20-3000 psi.
4. The method of claim 2 , said container being pressurized with a delivery gas.
5. The method of claim 1 , said nanocrystalline particles having a settling velocity of between about 0.001-5 cm/s.
6. The method of claim 1 , said nanocrystalline particles being manually dispersed from a non-pressurized container.
7. The method of claim 1 , said nanocrystalline particles being selected from the group consisting of the metal oxides and hydroxides of Sb, Mo, Ti, Zr, Zn, and mixtures thereof.
8. The method of claim 1 , said nanocrystalline particles being combined with an inorganic chemical selected from the group consisting of ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, calcium carbonate, magnesium aluminosilicate, and monoammonium phosphate.