Methods and systems for controlling an axle disconnect device for an all-wheel drive vehicle
Methods and systems are described to automatically lock and unlock a front axle disconnect mechanism in an all-wheel drive (AWD) system responsive to driving conditions to reduce parasitic losses and increase fuel efficiency. A control algorithm is described which automatically determines whether the front axle disconnect mechanism should lock or unlock responsive to various sensor readings throughout the vehicle. The sensor readings relate to the driving conditions. Advantageously, the present disclosure automatically decides the best mode for optimum fuel economy while safely responding to driving conditions, and therefore removes the requirement for a driver to select the operating mode.
1. A front axle lock and unlock method for an all-wheel drive vehicle, comprising:
determining driving conditions responsive to readings from one or more sensors;
checking whether the driving conditions require all-wheel drive;
actuating a front axle disconnect responsive to whether all-wheel drive is required;
monitoring driving speed over time;
unlocking the front axle disconnect responsive to the driving speed over time;
repeating the determining, checking, actuating, monitoring, and unlocking steps; and
checking the number of actuations of the front axle disconnect since key on; and
locking the front axle disconnect until a next key cycle if the number of actuations exceeds a threshold.
2. The front axle lock and unlock method of claim 1 , wherein the driving conditions comprise low outside temperature, rainy conditions, manual selection mode for automatic transmission gears, electronic stability program events, electronic stability program off, vehicle on inclined road surface at a low vehicle speed, and combinations thereof.
3. The front axle lock and unlock method of claim 1 , wherein the checking step further comprises:
reading ambient temperature from a sensor and comparing to a threshold;
reading windshield wiper sense and determining if windshield wipers have been actuated a minimum number of wiper cycles within a predetermined time period;
reading a transmission mode sensor to determine if a shifter is in manual selection mode for automatic transmission gears;
reading an electronic stability program actuation signal and determining if any electronic stability program events have occurred within a predetermined time period;
reading an electronic stability program switch signal and determining if an electronic stability program switch is turned off; and
reading a G-sensor and vehicle speed sensor and determining if the vehicle is on an inclined road surface at a low vehicle speed.
4. The front axle lock and unlock method of claim 1 , wherein the all-wheel drive vehicle comprises a transfer case; and wherein the transfer case comprises a control module configured to receive reading from the one or more sensors and perform the front axle lock and unlock method.
5. A control module configured to automatically lock and unlock a front axle disconnect mechanism for an all-wheel drive vehicle responsive to driving conditions, comprising:
input and output interfaces connected to a front axle disconnect mechanism and one or more sensors distributed throughout the all-wheel drive vehicle; and
a processor connected to the input and output interfaces and memory, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine driving conditions responsive to readings received from the input and output interfaces from the one or more sensors;
monitor driving conditions to determine whether all-wheel drive is required;
actuate the front axle disconnect mechanism to lock and unlock a front axle responsive to whether all-wheel drive is required based on the driving conditions;
track the number of front axle disconnect mechanism actuations per key cycle; and
lock the front axle disconnect mechanism until a next key cycle if the number of actuations exceeds a threshold.
6. The control module of claim 5 , wherein the driving conditions requiring all-wheel drive comprise low outside temperature, rainy conditions, manual selection mode for automatic transmission gears, electronic stability program events, electronic stability program off, vehicle on an incline at low vehicle speeds, and combinations thereof.
7. The control module of claim 5 , wherein the processor is further configured to:
read ambient temperature from a temperature sensor of the one or more sensors and compare to a temperature threshold;
read windshield wiper sense and determine if windshield wipers have been actuated within a predetermined time period;
read a transmission mode sensor to determine if a shifter is in manual selection mode for automatic transmission gears;
read an electronic stability program actuation signal and determine if any electronic stability program events have occurred within a predetermined time period;
read an electronic stability program switch signal and determine if an electronic stability program switch is turned off;
read a G-sensor and vehicle speed sensor and determine if the vehicle is on an incline with low vehicle speed; and
determine driving conditions based on one or more of ambient temperature, windshield wiper usage, usage of manual selection of automatic transmission gears, electronic stability program, vehicle incline and speed, and combinations thereof.
8. The control module of claim 5 , wherein the control module is located inside the all-wheel drive vehicle.
9. An all-wheel drive vehicle configured to automatically lock and unlock a front axle disconnect mechanism responsive to driving conditions, comprising:
a front drive axle connected to a front axle differential through a front axle disconnect mechanism;
a front drive shaft connected to the front axle differential and to a transfer case;
a transmission connected to the transfer case;
a plurality of sensors distributed throughout the vehicle; and
a control module connected to the plurality of sensors, the control module is configured to determine driving conditions based upon readings from the plurality of sensors and to automatically lock and unlock the front axle disconnect mechanism responsive to driving conditions, and to track the number of times the front axle disconnect mechanism is locked and unlocked per key cycle, and lock the front axle disconnect mechanism until a next key cycle if the number of times exceeds a threshold.
10. The all-wheel drive vehicle of claim 9 , wherein the driving conditions comprise low outside temperature, rainy conditions, manual selection mode for automatic transmission gears, electronic stability program events, electronic stability program off, vehicle incline and speed, and combinations thereof.
11. The all-wheel drive vehicle of claim 9 , wherein the control module is further configured to:
read ambient temperature from a temperature sensor of the one or more sensors and compare to a temperature threshold;
read windshield wiper sense and determine if windshield wipers have been actuated within a predetermined time period;
read a transmission mode sensor to determine if a shifter is in manual selection mode for automatic transmission gears;
read an electronic stability program actuation signal and determine if any electronic stability program events have occurred within a predetermined time period;
read an electronic stability program switch signal and determine if an electronic stability program switch is turned off;
read a G-sensor and vehicle speed sensor and determine if the vehicle is on an incline road surface with a low vehicle speed; and
determine driving conditions based on one or more of ambient temperature, windshield wiper usage, usage of manual selection of automatic transmission pears, electronic stability program, vehicle incline and speed, and combinations thereof.