Centrifugal force-based microfluidic device for nucleic acid extraction and microfluidic system including the microfluidic device

1. A centrifugal force-based microfluidic device for extracting a micro element from a material sample, comprising:

a body of revolution;

at least one microfluidic structure disposed in the body of revolution,

wherein the microfluidic structure comprises:

a plurality of chambers;

a plurality of channels which connect the chambers; and

a plurality of valves which are disposed in the channels to control fluid flow, and

wherein the microfluidic structure transmits fluid using centrifugal force due to rotational movement of the body of revolution; and

micro-particles contained in one of the chambers which capture a target material from the material sample flowing into the chamber,

an external energy source configured to irradiate electromagnetic waves onto the micro-particles having the target material,

wherein the microfluidic structure is configured to wash the micro-particles having the target material in the chamber, and to separate the micro element from the target material in another chamber by the electromagnetic wave.

2. The microfluidic device of claim 1 , wherein the valves comprise at least one of a capillary valve, a hydrophobic valve, a mechanical valve, and a phase-change valve.

3. The microfluidic device of claim 1 ,

wherein the valves comprise a plurality of phase-change valves, each phase-change valve comprising a valve plug comprising:

heat generating particles; and

phase-change materials,

wherein the heat generating particles absorb radiation energy from the external energy source, and the phase-change materials melt by heat generated from the heat generating particles,

wherein the phase-change valve controls the fluid flow, the fluid passing through the channels according to a position of the valve plug in the channels.

4. The microfluidic device of claim 1 , wherein the material sample is a biomaterial sample, the target material comprises at least one of a cell and a virus, and the micro element comprises at least one molecule of the cell or the virus.

5. The microfluidic device of claim 4 , wherein the molecule is nucleic acid.

6. The microfluidic device of claim 4 , wherein the micro-particles have surfaces modified with an antibody or a metal oxide having affinity for the cell or the virus.

7. The microfluidic device of claim 6 , wherein the metal oxide comprises at least one of Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , Ta 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , and HfO 2 .

8. The microfluidic device of claim 1 , wherein the micro-particles comprise at least one of Fe, Ni, Cr, an Fe oxide, an Ni oxide and a Cr oxide.

9. The microfluidic device of claim 1 ,

wherein the body of revolution comprises two disks,

wherein one disk is stacked on the other disk, and

wherein the microfluidic structure is disposed on one surface of one of the two disks, the one surface faces the other disk.

10. A microfluidic system comprising:

a microfluidic device comprising:

a body of revolution;

at least one microfluidic structure disposed in the body of revolution,

wherein the microfluidic structure comprises:

a plurality of chambers;

a plurality of channels which connect the chambers; and

a plurality of valves which are disposed in the channels and control fluid flow, and

wherein the microfluidic structure transmits fluid using centrifugal force due to rotational movement of the body of revolution; and

micro-particles contained in one of the chambers which capture a target material from a material sample flowing into the chamber;

a rotation operating unit which rotates the body of revolution of the microfluidic device; and

an external energy source configured to irradiate electromagnetic waves onto the micro-particles having the target material,

wherein the microfluidic structure is configured to wash the micro-particles having the target material, and to separate a micro element from the target material in another chamber by the electromagnetic wave.

11. The microfluidic system of claim 10 ,

wherein the valves comprise a plurality of phase-change valves, each phase-change valve comprising a valve plug comprising:

heat generating particles; and

phase-change materials,

wherein the heat generating particles absorb radiation energy from the external energy source, and the phase-change materials melt by heat generated from the heat generating particles,

wherein the each phase-change valve controls the fluid flow, the fluid passing through the channels according to a position of the valve plug in the channels, and

wherein the microfluidic system further comprises an external energy source adjusting means which adjusts at least one of a position and a direction of the external energy source for the electromagnetic waves to reach a region including a phase-change valve selected among the plurality of phase-change valves.

12. The microfluidic system of claim 10 , wherein the rotation operating unit comprises a motor to control rotation speed and rotation angle of the body of revolution.

13. The microfluidic system of claim 11 , wherein the external energy source adjusting means comprises a rectilinearly moving means which moves the external energy source disposed facing the body of revolution in a radial direction of the body of revolution.

14. The microfluidic system of claim 10 , wherein the external energy source comprises a laser light source which emits a laser beam.

15. The microfluidic system of claim 10 , wherein the material sample is a biomaterial sample, the target material comprises at least one of a cell and a virus, and the micro element comprises at least one molecule of the cell or the virus.

16. The microfluidic device of claim 15 , wherein the molecule is nucleic acid.

17. The microfluidic system of claim 11 , wherein the micro-particles have surfaces modified with an antibody or a metal oxide having affinity for the cell or the virus.

18. The microfluidic system of claim 17 , wherein the metal oxide comprises at least one of Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , Ta 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , and HfO 2 .

19. The microfluidic system of claim 10 , wherein the micro-particles comprise at least one of Fe, Ni, Cr, an Fe oxide, an Ni oxide and a Cr oxide.

20. The microfluidic system of claim 10 ,

wherein the body of revolution comprises two disks,

wherein one disk is stacked on the other disk, and

wherein the microfluidic structure is disposed on one surface of one of the two disks, the one surface faces the other disk.