Electrically responsive ink and coating compositions and methods for activation

1. An electrically responsive ink composition comprising:

at least one electrically responsive optical-state change material,

at least one electrolyte material,

at least one electrically responsive pH modifier,

at least one solvent, and

at least one ion-conducting polymeric binder material;

wherein said ion-conducting polymeric binder material comprises a polymer and an ionic salt;

wherein said ink composition has a viscosity between about 0.1 centipoise and about 10,000 centipoise, and a maximum optical absorbance in a range from about 200 nanometers to about 800 nanometers; and wherein said ink composition is capable of transforming from a first optical state to a second optical state upon exposure to an electrical stimulus.

2. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a plasticizer.

3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the electrically responsive optical-state change material comprises at least one dye.

4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte material comprises at least one ionic material.

5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the electrically responsive pH modifier comprises an aromatic hydroxyl material.

6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of a glycol ether solvent, an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent containing at least 7 carbon atoms, an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent containing at least 6 carbon atoms, a halogenated solvent, an amine based solvent, an amide based solvent, a oxygenated hydrocarbon solvent, and a miscible combination thereof.

7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprising the binder material is selected from the group consisting of a polymer, an oligomer, a polymeric precursor, and a polymerizable monomer.

8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprising the binder material is selected from the group consisting of a polyethylene oxide, a polyolefin, a polyester, a polyamide, a polyacrylate, a polymethacrylate, a polyvinylchloride, a polycarbonate, a polysulfone, a polysiloxane, a polyetherimide, a polyetherketone, and a copolymer thereof.

9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the copolymer is one member selected from the group consisting of a block copolymer, a random copolymer, or a graft copolymer.

10. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the copolymer is a polyacrylatepolyethylene glycol copolymer.

11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the transformation from the first optical state to the second optical state is a bistable transformation.

12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the electrically responsive ink

composition is transformed from the first optical state to the second optical state when subjected to a voltage difference of 0.1 Volts to about 50 Volts across the composition.

13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the difference in optical absorbance between the first optical state and the second optical state of the electrically responsive ink composition is at least 0.1.

14. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a pH modifier.

15. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising an anti-photobleaching agent.