Non-aqueous electrochemical cells
View Patent ↗Electrochemical cells are disclosed. In some embodiments, an electrochemical cell includes a cathode having less than about 2,000 ppm of water, an anode, and an electrolyte having a first lithium salt and LiPF 6 .
1. A primary electrochemical cell, comprising:
a cathode comprising a cathode active material consisting of manganese oxide and/or iron disulfide, the cathode having less than about 2,000 ppm of water;
a cathode current collector comprising aluminum;
an anode comprising lithium; and
an electrolyte comprising lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate LiPF 6 , and a third lithium salt, the electrolyte not including a perchlorate salt.
2. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the cathode has less than 1,500 ppm of water.
3. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the cathode has less than 1,000 ppm of water.
4. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the cathode has less than 500 ppm of water.
5. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises, in mole fraction, from 20% to 80% of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate and from 20% to 80% of LiPF 6 .
6. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises a material selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane, butylene carbonate, and dioxolane.
7. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises propylene carbonate and dimethoxyethane.
8. The cell of claim 7 , wherein the electrolyte comprises from about 30% to about 90% by weight of dimethoxyethane.
9. The cell of claim 7 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises ethylene carbonate.
10. The cell of claim 9 , wherein the electrolyte comprises, by weight, from about 5% to about 30% of ethylene carbonate, and from about 30% to about 90% dimethoxyethane.
11. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, and dimethoxyethane.
12. The cell of claim 11 , wherein the electrolyte comprises, by weight, from about 5% to about 30% of ethylene carbonate, and from about 30% to about 90% of dimethoxyethane.
13. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises dioxolane.
14. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the lithium salts in the electrolyte consist of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate LiPF 6 and the third lithium salt.
15. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises dimethoxyethane and dioxolane.
16. A method, comprising:
discharging, only once, a primary electrochemical cell comprising a cathode comprising manganese oxide and/or iron disulfide, the cathode having less than about 2,000 ppm of water,
a cathode current collector comprising aluminum,
an anode comprising lithium, and
an electrolyte comprising lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate LiPF 6 , and a third lithium salt, the electrolyte not including a perchlorate salt; and
disposing the cell without recharging the cell.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the lithium salts in the electrolyte consist of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate LiPF 6 , and the third lithium salt.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the cathode has less than 1,000 ppm of water.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the cathode has less than 500 ppm of water.
20. The method of claim 16 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises dimethoxyethane and dioxolane.
21. A method of making a primary electrochemical cell, comprising
(a) providing a cathode including a current collector comprising aluminum and a cathode active material consisting of manganese dioxide and/or iron disulfide, the cathode having less than 2,000 ppm of water;
(b) providing an anode comprising lithium;
(c) placing the cathode and the anode into a casing; and
(d) adding an electrolyte comprising lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, LiPF 6 , and a third lithium salt, but not a perchlorate salt to the casing.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the cathode has less than 1000 ppm of water.
23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the cathode has less than 500 ppm water.
24. The method of claim 21 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises a material selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane, butylene carbonate, and dioxolane.
25. The method of claim 21 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises propylene carbonate and dimethoxyethane.
26. The method of claim 21 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises ethylene carbonate.
27. The method of claim 21 , wherein the electrolyte comprises, by weight, from about 5% to about 30% of ethylene carbonate, and from about 30% to about 90% dimethoxyethane.
28. The method of claim 21 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, and dimethoxyethane.
29. The method of claim 21 , wherein the electrolyte comprises dioxolane.
30. The method of claim 21 , further comprising, after steps (a)-(d), discharging the cell only once and then discarding the cell.
31. The method of claim 21 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises dimethoxyethane and dioxolane.
32. The method of claim 21 , wherein the lithium salts in the electrolyte consist of lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate, LiPF 6 , and the third lithium salt.