Roaming gateway
A gateway ( 1 ) resides in an IP-based network. It acts as a controlling or home HLR for a mobile device roaming in this network, emulating an MSC or VLR to the home network HLR. Thus, as far as the home network HLR is aware, the subscriber is roaming in a foreign network of equivalent type of technology. Meanwhile, the gateway of the invention manages a subscriber profile and authentication as if the visited network were the home network. In fact, the gateway in combination with the home network HLR acts as an IMS-standard HSS. The gateway ( 1 ) enables wireless carriers to use existing legacy network infrastructure to provide a smooth evolution to the next generation network architecture, and it supports voice and data inter-working between existing 2/2.5G networks and next-generation IP based networks. For inter-standard roaming, the gateway 1 extends the existing roaming footprint of an ANSI-41 subscriber roaming in GSM foreign mode. In GSM foreign mode, the ANSI-41 subscriber may roam onto alternative access networks using a sponsor GSM IMSI.
1. A roaming gateway comprising:
an interworking processor;
at least one signaling stack for communication with a non-packet mobile network;
a packet interface for communication with a home packet-based network in which it resides;
an emulator in the interworking processor for emulating a non-packet mobile network entity to a foreign non-packet network Home Location Register (HLR); and
wherein:
the gateway resides in a packet network,
the emulator emulates a Mobile Switch Center (MSC) or a Visitor Location Register (VLR) to a roaming device non-packet home network HLR, and manages a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) subscriber profile and Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)-type subscriber authentication as if the packet network in which the gateway resides were the home network of said roaming device, in which the gateway in combination with the home network HLR operates as an IMS-standard Home Subscriber Server (HSS), and
the gateway:
receives SIP register requests from a serving Call Session Control Function (CSCF) element,
communicates with a different network for subscriber registration,
performs filtering of register requests to determine those it can act upon, and
relays the SIP register requests for onward processing,
and wherein:
the gateway examines a user identity in a SIP REGISTER request, upon roaming of an ANSI-41 subscriber or a Global System for Mobile Telecommunications (GSM) subscriber in the packet network, and
if the SIP user identity is recognized as a Mobile Directory Number (MDN) of a provisioned subscriber, the gateway retrieves a Mobile Subscriber Identification Number (MSID) and an Electronic Serial Number (ESN) for the subscriber from a database if known in the database, and if not known in the database the gateway resolves the MSID/ESN pair by sending an Mobile Directory Number (MDN)-based request to the subscriber's HLR, avoiding requirement for pre-provisioning of the MDN, MSID, and ESN for a roaming ANSI-41 subscriber in the packet network;
the gateway storing the MDN, MSID, and ESN triplet,
if the SIP user identity is recognized as a Mobile Subscriber Integrated Services Digital Network Number (MSISDN) of a provisioned subscriber, the gateway retrieves an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) for the subscriber from a database if known in the database, and if not known in the database the gateway resolves the IMSI by sending an MSISDN-based request to the subscriber's HLR, avoiding requirement for pre-provisioning of the MSISDN and IMSI for a roaming GSM subscriber in the packet network;
the gateway storing the MSISDN/IMSI pair,
the gateway stores said subscriber identity information for a subsequent location registration.
2. The roaming gateway as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the processor comprises functions in an application server, and a plurality of database servers.
3. The roaming gateway as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the database servers provide redundancy in subscriber data storage.
4. The roaming gateway as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the inter-working processor is configured to receive a route request from a HLR of a different network.
5. The roaming gateway as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the inter-working processor automatically performs anti-restricted roaming by stopping attempts to prevent a subscriber registering with a foreign network after only a limited number of tries.
6. The roaming gateway as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the gateway comprises means for communicating with a Short Message Service Center (SMSC) in a GSM or Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network and with a Message Center in a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) or Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) network.
7. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising software code for performing operations of a roaming gateway of claim 1 when executed on a digital processor.