Fire Fighting Foam Concentrate
Fire fighting foam concentrates, expanded foam compositions, and processes of forming a foam composition using a composition comprising: a carbonised saccharide composition, a cross-linking agent or inorganic salt, a surfactant, and water. Augmented with urea or derivatives thereof and/or magnesium salts the disclosed compositions provide improved foaming compositions which also exhibit good biodegradability and environmental compatibility and have particular utility in addressing polar solvent fires such as those of methanol or acetone.
1 . A foam forming composition comprising:
a carbonised saccharide composition,
a cross-linking agent,
a surfactant, and
water.
2 . A foam forming composition of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linking agent is urea or a urea derivative.
3 . A foam forming composition of claim 1 , wherein the carbonized saccharide composition is a mixture of one or more simple sugars and a carbonized saccharide.
4 . A foam forming composition of claim 3 , wherein the simple sugars are selected from the group consisting of sucrose, glucose, fructose, mannose and invert sugar.
5 . A foam forming composition of claim 1 , wherein the carbonized saccharide composition is brown sugar.
6 . A foam forming composition of claim 5 , wherein the brown sugar comprises a mixture of sucrose and molasses.
7 . A foam forming composition of claim 1 , wherein the carbonized saccharide composition is in an amount of 6-25 wt. %.
8 . A foam forming composition of claim 1 , wherein the water is in an amount of 5-89.9 wt. %.
9 . A foam forming composition of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant is in an amount of 3-33 wt. %.
10 . A foam forming composition of claim 1 , wherein the thickener is in an amount of up to 10 wt. %.
11 . A foam forming composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is formulated as a concentrate of about 1%, 3% or 6% by volume.
12 . A foam forming composition of claim 1 further comprising a thickening agent and optionally one or more components selected from the group consisting of organic solvents, polymeric stabilizers, preservatives, buffers, corrosion inhibitors, antimicrobial agents, divalent ion salts, foam stabilisers, humectants and diluents.
13 . A foam forming composition of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant is a water-soluble hydrocarbon surfactant or silicone surfactant, and wherein the surfactant is a non-ionic, anionic, cationic or amphoteric.
14 . A foam forming composition of claim 14 , wherein the thickening agent is a polyhydroxy polymer, polyacrylamide, cellulosic resin, polyacrylic acid, polyethylene oxide and mixtures thereof.
15 . A foam forming composition of claim 14 , wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of glycols and glycol ethers.
16 . A foam forming composition of claim 1 which is free of fluorochemical compounds.
17 . A foam forming composition comprising:
a carbonized saccharide composition,
an inorganic salt,
a surfactant, and
water.
18 . A foam forming composition of claim 17 , wherein the inorganic salt is magnesium sulfate.
19 . A process for preparing a foam composition including the step of aerating an aqueous diluted solution of a foam forming composition according to claim 1 or 17 .
20 . A process of claim 19 , wherein the foam forming composition is aerated by a compressed gas foaming system.
21 . A process of claim 19 , wherein the foam forming composition is aerated by adding the foam forming composition to a flow of water and discharging through a nozzle.
22 . A foam composition prepared by a process of claim 19 , 20 or 21 .
23 . A process for preparing a foam forming composition including the step of mixing a carbonized saccharide composition, a cross-linking agent, a surfactant and water in any order to prepare the foam forming composition.
24 . A method for enhancing the fire fighting capabilities of a foam including the step of preparing a foam forming composition containing a carbonized saccharide composition and a cross-linking agent for use in the preparation of the foam by aeration of the foam forming composition.
25 . A method for suppressing or extinguishing fires including the step of applying a foamed composition comprising a carbonized saccharide composition, a cross-linking agent or inorganic salt, a surfactant and water to a fire or to a hot or flammable surface.
26 . A method of claim 25 , wherein the cross-linking agent is urea or a urea derivative.
27 . A method of claim 25 , wherein the carbonized saccharide composition is a mixture of one or more simple sugars and a carbonized saccharide.
28 . A method of claim 27 , wherein the simple sugars are selected from the group consisting of sucrose, glucose, fructose, mannose and invert sugar.
29 . A method of claim 25 , wherein the carbonized saccharide composition is brown sugar.
30 . A method of claim 25 , wherein the fire is a polar solvent fire.
31 . A method of claim 30 , wherein the polar solvent fire is ethanol, methanol or acetone.
32 . A method of claim 25 , wherein the fire is a non-polar solvent fire.
33 . A method of claim 32 , wherein the non-polar solvent fire is avgas, avtur, petroleum, MTBE or ether/gasoline blends.
34 . A method of claim 25 , wherein the foamed composition is free of fluorochemical compounds.
35 . (canceled)