Bipolar Battery Having Carbon Foam Current Collectors
A bipolar battery includes a housing and a plurality of bipolar electrode plates aligned with respect to one another within the housing to form a cell between each pair of adjacent bipolar electrode plates. Each of the plurality of bipolar electrode plates includes an electrode substrate having a first face and a second face, an electrical connection element overlapping at least a portion of both the first face and the second face, a first carbon foam current collector on the first face of the substrate, a second carbon foam current collector on the second face of the substrate, and a chemically active paste on both the first and second carbon foam current collectors. A plurality of electrical separators are interleaved with the plurality of bipolar electrode plates.
1 . A bipolar battery, comprising:
a housing;
a plurality of bipolar electrode plates aligned with respect to one another within the housing to form a cell between each pair of adjacent bipolar electrode plates, wherein each of the plurality of bipolar electrode plates includes:
an electrode substrate having a first face and a second face;
an electrical connection element overlapping at least a portion of both the first face and the second face;
a first carbon foam current collector disposed on the first face of the substrate;
a second carbon foam current collector disposed on the second face of the substrate; and
a chemically active paste disposed on both the first and second carbon foam current collectors; and
a plurality of electrical separators interleaved with the plurality of bipolar electrode plates.
2 . The bipolar battery of claim 1 , further including an electrolyte disposed within the cells formed between adjacent pairs of bipolar electrode plates.
3 . The bipolar battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrode substrate of each of the plurality of bipolar electrode plates is sealably fixed to the housing.
4 . The bipolar battery of claim 1 , further including channels that extend through the housing and into the electrode substrate of at least one of the plurality of bipolar electrode plates.
5 . The bipolar battery of claim 1 , further including a positive terminal electrode plate and a negative terminal electrode plate each having:
a substrate sealably fixed to the housing;
a carbon foam current collector disposed on the substrate; and
an electrical connection element in electrical contact with the carbon foam current collector.
6 . The bipolar battery of claim 5 , wherein the electrical connection elements of both the positive terminal electrode plate and the negative terminal electrode plate extend through the housing.
7 . The bipolar battery of claim 5 , wherein the substrate of the positive terminal electrode plate forms a first wall of the housing, and the substrate of the negative terminal electrode plate forms a second wall of the housing.
8 . The bipolar battery of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of electrical separators comprise aluminum nitride.
9 . A method of making a bipolar battery, the method comprising:
supplying a plurality of electrode plates each including at least one carbon foam current collector disposed on an electrode substrate;
aligning the plurality of electrode plates with respect to one another to form a cell between each pair of adjacent electrode plates;
interleaving a plurality of electrical separators with the plurality of electrode plates;
supplying a housing;
sealably fixing the electrode substrate of each of the plurality of electrode plates to the housing; and
disposing an electrolyte into each cell formed between adjacent pairs of electrode plates.
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein supplying the plurality of electrode plates further includes:
supplying a positive terminal electrode plate;
supplying a negative terminal electrode plate; and
supplying at least one bipolar electrode plate disposed between the positive terminal electrode plate and the negative terminal electrode plate.
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the supplying at least one bipolar electrode plate further includes:
disposing an electrical connection element on the electrode substrate of each bipolar electrode plate such that the electrical connection element overlaps at least a portion of both a first face and a second face of the electrode substrate;
attaching a first carbon foam current collector on the first face of the electrode substrate;
attaching a second carbon foam current collector on the second face of the electrode substrate; and
disposing a chemically active paste on both the first and second carbon foam current collectors.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein attaching the first carbon foam current collector and attaching the second carbon foam current collector further include applying heat and pressure.
13 . The method of claim 9 , wherein disposing an electrolyte further includes:
forming an access port through the housing in an area of each cell;
injecting the electrolyte into each cell; and
sealing each access port.
14 . The method of claim 9 , wherein supplying the housing includes injection molding the housing.
15 . The method of claim 9 , further including charging the bipolar battery.
16 . A bipolar electrode plate for a battery, the bipolar electrode plate comprising:
an electrode substrate having a first and second face;
an electrical connection element disposed on the electrode substrate such that the electrical connection element overlaps at least a portion of both the first face and the second face of the electrode substrate;
a first carbon foam current collector attached to the first face of the electrode substrate;
a second carbon foam current collector attached to the second face of the electrode substrate; and
a chemically active paste disposed on both the first and second carbon foam current collectors.
17 . The bipolar electrode plate of claim 16 , wherein both the first carbon foam current collector and the second carbon foam current collector electrically contact the electrical connection element.
18 . The bipolar electrode plate of claim 16 , wherein the electrode substrate is a thermoplastic material.
19 . The bipolar electrode plate of claim 16 , wherein the electrode substrate is polypropylene.
20 . The bipolar electrode plate of claim 16 , wherein the electrical connection element includes one or more carbon fibers.
21 . The bipolar electrode plate of claim 16 , wherein the first and second carbon foam current collectors include graphite foam.
22 . The bipolar electrode plate of claim 16 , wherein the first and second carbon foam current collectors have a total porosity value of at least 60%.
23 . The bipolar electrode plate of claim 16 , wherein the first and second carbon foam current collectors have an open porosity value of at least 90%.
24 . The bipolar electrode plate of claim 16 , wherein the first and second carbon foam current collectors have an average pore size of between about 20 μm and about 2.0 mm.
25 . A bipolar battery, comprising:
a thermoplastic, molded housing;
a positive terminal electrode plate including a carbon foam current collector disposed on a substrate, the substrate being sealably fixed to the housing, and a positive terminal electrical connection element extending through the housing and making electrical contact with the carbon foam current collector of the positive terminal electrode plate;
a negative terminal electrode plate including a carbon foam current collector disposed on a substrate, the substrate being sealably fixed to the housing, and a negative terminal electrical connection element extending through the housing and making electrical contact with the carbon foam current collector of the negative terminal electrode plate;
a plurality of bipolar electrode plates disposed between the positive terminal electrode plate and the negative terminal electrode plate, wherein each of the plurality of bipolar electrode plates includes:
an electrode substrate having a first face and a second face;
an electrical connection element overlapping at least a portion of both the first face and the second face;
a first carbon foam current collector disposed on the first face of the substrate;
a second carbon foam current collector disposed on the second face of the substrate; and
a chemically active paste disposed on both the first and second carbon foam current collectors;
a plurality of electrical separators interleaved with the plurality of bipolar electrode plates, the positive terminal electrode plate, and the negative terminal electrode plate; and
an electrolyte disposed within the housing.