Production processes and systems, compositions, surfactants, monomer units, metal complexes, phosphate esters, glycols, aqueous film forming foams and foam stabilizers

1. A surfactant composition comprising R F (R T ) n Q s , wherein:

the R F group is —CF 3 ; C 3 F 6 —; C 3 F 7 —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF—; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 )—; (CF 3 ) 3 C—; (CF 3 ) 3 CCF 2 —; (CF 3 ) 3 CCF 2 (CH 2 ) p —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 CF 2 ) l —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 C(CF 3 )H) m —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 CF 2 ) l (CH 2 C(CF 3 )H) m ; or (CF 3 ) 3 C(CH 2 C(CF 3 )H) m ; wherein l is 1 to 2; m is 1 to 3; and p is 5;

the R T group comprises —CF 2 CH 2 CH(CF 3 )—;

n is at least 1; and

the Q s group is halogen, mercaptan, thiocyanate, sulfonyl chloride, hydroxyl, cyano, acetate, allyl, epoxide, acrylic ester, ether, sulfate, phosphate, amine, —(CH 2 ) n —S(O) 2 NH—(CH 2 ) 3 NH 2 + Cl − , —(CH 2 ) n S(O) 2 NH(CH 2 ) 3 NH 2 + O − , —(CH 2 ) n S(O) 2 NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —NH 2 + CH 2 C(O)O − , or —(CH 2 ) n S(O) 2 N(CH 2 CH 3 )NH 2 (CH 2 )C(O)O − K + wherein n is 0 to 4.

2. The surfactant of claim 1 wherein the R F group is one of —C 3 F 6 or —C 3 F 7 .

3. The surfactant of claim 1 wherein the R T group comprises —CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH(CF 3 )—.

4. A foam stabilizer composition comprising R F (R T ) n Q FS , wherein:

the R F group is —CF 3 ; C 3 F 6 —; C 3 F 7 —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF—; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 )—; (CF 3 ) 3 C—; (CF 3 ) 3 CCF 2 —; (CF 3 ) 3 CCF 2 (CH 2 ) p —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 CF 2 ) l —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 C(CF 3 )H) m —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 CF 2 ) l (CH 2 C(CF 3 )H) m ; or (CF 3 ) 3 C(CH 2 C(CF 3 )H) m ; wherein l is 1 to 2; m is 1 to 3; and p is 5;

the R T group comprises —CF 2 CH 2 CH(CF 3 )—;

n is at least 1; and

the Q FS group is halogen, mercaptan, thiocyanate, sulfonyl chloride, hydroxyl, cyano, acetate, allyl, epoxide, acrylic ester, ether, sulfate, phosphate, amine, or polyalkoxylated amines.

5. The foam stabilizer of claim 4 wherein the R T group comprises —CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH(CF 3 )—.

6. The foam stabilizer of claim 4 wherein the R T group comprises —CF 2 CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH(CF 3 )—.

7. A monomer comprising R F (R T ) n Q M , wherein:

the R F group is —CF 3 ; C 3 F 6 —; C 3 F 7 —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF—; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 )—; (CF 3 ) 3 C—; (CF 3 ) 3 CCF 2 —; (CF 3 ) 3 CCF 2 ) 2 ) p —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 CF 2 ) l —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 C(CF 3 )H) m —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 CF 2 ) l (CH 2 C(CF 3 )H) m ; or (CF 3 ) 3 C(CH 2 C(CF 3 )H) m ; wherein l is 1 to 2; m is 1 to 3; and p is 5;

the R T group comprises —CF 2 CH 2 CH(CF 3 )—;

n is at least 1; and

the Q M group is at least one atom of the periodic table of elements.

8. The monomer of claim 7 wherein the R T group comprises —CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH(CF 3 )—.

9. The monomer of claim 7 wherein the R T group comprises − CF 2 CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH(CF 3 )—.

10. A polymer comprising R F (R T ) n Q MU , wherein:

the R F group is —CF 3 ; C 3 F 6 —; C 3 F 7 —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF—; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 )—; (CF 3 ) 3 C—; (CF 3 ) 3 CCF 2 —; (CF 3 ) 3 CCF 2 (CH 2 ) p —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 CF 2 ) l —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 C(CF 3 )H) m —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 CF 2 ) l (CH 2 C(CF 3 )H) m ; or (CF 3 ) 3 C(CH 2 C(CF 3 )H) m ; wherein l is 1 to 2; m is 1 to 3; and p is 5;

the R T group comprises —CF 2 CH 2 CH(CF 3 )—;

n is at least 1; and

the Q MU group is an acrylate functionality.

11. The polymer of claim 10 wherein the R F group is one of —C 3 F 6 or —C 3 F 7 .

12. The polymer of claim 10 wherein the R T group comprises —CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH(CF 3 )—.

13. A urethane comprising R F (R T ) n Q U , wherein:

the R F group is —CF 3 ; C 3 F 6 —; C 3 F 7 —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF—; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 )—; (CF 3 ) 3 C—; (CF 3 ) 3 CCF 2 —; (CF 3 ) 3 CCF 2 (CH 2 ) p —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 CF 2 ) l —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 C(CF 3 )H) m ; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 CF 2 ) l (CH 2 C(CF 3 )H) m ; or (CF 3 ) 3 C(CH 2 C(CF 3 )H) m ; wherein l is 1 to 2; m is 1 to 3; and p is 5;

the R T group comprises —CF 2 CH 2 CH(CF 3 )—;

n is at least 1; and

the Q U group is at least one atom of the periodic table of elements.

14. The urethane of claim 13 wherein the RF group is one of —C 3 F, or —C 3 F 7 .

15. The urethane of claim 13 wherein the R T group comprises —CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH(CF 3 )—.

16. A glycol comprising R F (R T ) n Q H , wherein:

the R F group is —CF 3 ; C 3 F 6 —; C 3 F 7 ; (CF 3 ) 2 CF—; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 )—; (CF 3 ) 3 C—; (CF 3 ) 3 CCF 2 —; (CF 3 ) 3 CCF 2 (CH 2 ) p —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 CF 2 ) l —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 C(CF 3 )H) m —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 CF 2 ) l (CH 2 C(CF 3 )H) m ; or (CF 3 ) 3 C(CH 2 C(CF 3 )H) m ; wherein l is 1 to 2; m is 1 to 3; and p is 5;

the R T group comprises —CF 2 CH 2 CH(CF 3 )—;

n is at least 1; and

the Q H group is a portion of a glycol chain backbone.

17. The glycol of claim 16 wherein the R F group is one of —C 3 F 6 or —C 3 F 7 .

18. The glycol of claim 16 wherein the R T group comprises —CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH(CF 3 )—.

19. A metal complex comprising R F (R T ) n Q MC , wherein:

the R F group is —CF 3 ; C 3 F 6 ; C 3 F 7 —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF—; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 )—; (CF 3 ) 3 C—; (CF 3 ) 3 CCF 2 —; (CF 3 ) 3 CCF 2 (CH 2 ) p —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 CF 2 ) l —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 C(CF 3 )H) m —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 CF 2 ) l (CH 2 C(CF 3 )H) m ; or (CF 3 ) 3 C(CH 2 C(CF 3 )H) m ; wherein l is 1 to 2; m is 1 to 3; and p is 5;

the R T group comprises —CF 2 CH 2 CH(CF 3 )—;

n is at least 1; and

the Q MC group comprises a charged group configured to complex one or more metal ions.

20. The metal complex of claim 19 wherein the R F group is one of —C 3 F 6 or C 3 F 7 .

21. The metal complex of claim 19 wherein the R T group comprises —CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH(CF 3 )—.

22. A phosphate ester composition comprising R F (R T ) n Q PE , wherein:

the R F group is —CF 3 ; C 3 F 6 ; C 3 F 7 —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF—; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 )—; (CF 3 ) 3 C—; (CF 3 ) 3 CCF 2 —; (CF 3 ) 3 CCF 2 (CH 2 ) p —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 CF 2 ) l —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 C(CF 3 )H) m —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 CF 2 ) l (CH 2 C(CF 3 )H) m ; or (CF 3 ) 3 C(CH 2 C(CF 3 )H) m ; wherein l is 1 to 2; m is 1 to 3; and p is 5;

the R T group comprises —CF 2 CH 2 CH(CF 3 )—;

n is at least 1; and

the Q PE group is a portion of a phosphate ester.

23. The phosphate ester of claim 22 wherein the R F group is one of —C 3 F 6 or —C 3 F 7 .

24. The phosphate ester of claim 22 wherein the R T group comprises CH 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH(CF 3 )—.

25. A composition comprising R F (R T ) n Qg, wherein:

the R F group is (CF 3 ) 3 CCF 2 —; (CF 3 ) 3 CCF 2 (CH 2 ) p —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 CF 2 ) l —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 C(CF 3 )H) m —; (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH 2 CF 2 ) l (CH 2 C(CF 3 )H) m ; or (CF 3 ) 3 C(CH 2 C(CF 3 )H) m ; wherein l is 1 to 2; m is 1 to 3; and p is 5;

the R T group comprises —CF 2 CX 2 — wherein each X is independently H or F;

n is greater than 1; and

the Qg group is at least one atom of the periodic table of elements.

26. The composition of claim 25 wherein the R F group has a carbon amount between C5 and C17.

27. The composition of claim 25 wherein the R T group comprises —CH 2 CH 2 —.

28. The composition of claim 25 wherein the R T group comprises —CH 2 CF 2 —.

29. The composition of claim 25 wherein the R F group is (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CH2CF 2 ) l —, l being from 1 to 2.