Supple tissue dressing assemblies, systems, and methods formed from hydrophilic polymer sponge structures such as chitosan
Methods of forming supple tissue dressing assemblies from hydrophilic polymer sponge structures, such as chitosan, by uniformly cooling the sponge structure and freezer from above freezing to below freezing. The supple tissue dressing assemblies are characterized by suppleness or multi-dimensional flexibility. The assemblies can be flexed, bent, folded, twisted, and even rolled upon itself before and during use, without creasing, cracking, fracturing, otherwise compromising the integrity and mechanical and/or therapeutic characteristics of the assemblies.
1 . A method of making a sponge structure adapted for placement in contact with animal tissue, said method comprising:
providing a biocompatible hydrophilic polymer solution;
placing said solution in a mold;
placing said mold in a freezer; and
uniformly cooling said temperature of said solution, said mold, and said freezer from a first equilibrated temperature condition above freezing to a second temperature condition below freezing to impart a homogenous structure, and
drying the homogeneous structure in a durable form.
2 . The method of claim 1 wherein cooling comprises a delay interval at a temperature between a freezing temperature condition and the first equilibrated temperature condition.
3 . The method of claim 1 wherein cooling includes a super-cooling interval.
4 . The method of claim 1 further comprising:
mechanically softening said durable form.
5 . The method of claim 1 wherein said durable form has an initial density that is compressed to an increased density by application of mechanical pressure and heat.
6 . The method of claim 1 , where said durable form has an initial density that is compressed to an increased density of about 0.1 g/cm 3 to about 0.5 g/cm 3 .
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said biocompatible hydrophilic polymer solution comprises a chitosan material.
8 . The method of claim 1 , further including shaping the durable form into a desired size and configuration.
9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein shaping includes cutting or punching the durable form.
10 . The method of claim 1
wherein the drying includes raising the temperature of the homogenous structure when in a frozen condition to a preselected sublimation temperature condition at which ice sublimates from the structure without collapsing the homogenous structure, maintaining the preselected sublimation temperature condition until sublimation ceases, and raising the preselected sublimation temperature condition to a drying temperature condition greater than the preselected sublimation temperature condition to remove residual moisture.
11 . A method of using the sponge structure made according to claim 1 .
12 . A method of forming making a sponge structure adapted for placement in contact with animal tissue, said method comprising:
cooling a biocompatible hydrophilic polymer solution to impart a structure in a frozen condition,
drying the structure into a durable form comprising raising the temperature of the structure when in the frozen condition to a preselected sublimation temperature condition at which ice sublimates from the structure without collapsing the structure, maintaining the preselected sublimation temperature condition until sublimation ceases, and raising the preselected sublimation temperature condition to a drying temperature condition greater than the preselected sublimation temperature condition to remove residual moisture.
13 . The method of claim 12 wherein said durable form has an initial density that is compressed to an increased density by application of mechanical pressure and heat.
14 . The method of claim 12 , where said durable form has an initial density that is compressed to an increased density of about 0.1 g/cm 3 to about 0.5 g/cm 3 .
15 . The method of claim 12 , wherein said biocompatible hydrophilic polymer solution comprises a chitosan material.
16 . The method of claim 12 , further including shaping the durable form into a desired size and configuration.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein shaping includes cutting or punching the durable form.
18 . The method of claim 1 further comprising:
mechanically softening said durable form.
19 . A method of using the sponge structure made according to claim 12 .