Low density cements for use in cementing operations
A cement mix which is suitable for cementing in subterranean formations to provide zonal isolation or for blocking or plugging an abandoned pipeline or back filling a mine shaft, tunnel or excavation contains Portland cement or a mixture of two components selected from Portland cement, fly ash, slag, silica fume, gypsum, limestone and bentonite; and diatomaceous earth, preferably having a BET nitrogen adsorption specific surface area between from about 30 to about 100 m 2 /g. The cement mix may further contain an alkali metasilicate and/or alkali silicate, zeolite and/or aluminum silicate, an accelerator, such as an inorganic salt, and/or an alkaline metal oxide, as well as a lightweight density modifying agent, including glass, ceramic or plastic spheres. A cementitious slurry, formulated from the cement mix, has a density less than or equal to 1500 kg/m 3 and exhibits good compressive strength.
1 . A cement mix comprising:
(a) Portland cement or a mixture comprising at least two components selected from the group consisting of Portland cement, fly ash, slag, silica fume, gypsum, bentonite and limestone;
(b) a reactive pozzolanic material selected from at least one member consisting of:
(i) diatomaceous earth;
(ii) zeolite; and
(iii) an aluminum silicate
(c) an alkali metasilicate and/or alkali silicate; and
(d) an inorganic salt accelerator and/or an alkaline metal oxide provided that when component (d) is only an inorganic salt accelerator and the reactive pozzolanic material contains both diatomaceous earth and zeolite, the diatomaceous earth has a BET nitrogen adsorption specific surface area between from about 30 to about 100 m 2 /g.
2 . The cement mix of claim 1 , wherein the Portland cement is selected from the group consisting of API Class A, C, G and H cements and Type I, II, III or V ASTM construction cements.
3 . The cement mix of claim 1 , wherein the Portland cement is high early cement.
4 . The cement mix of claim 1 , wherein the reactive pozzolanic material contains aluminum silicate.
5 . The cement mix of claim 4 , wherein the aluminum silicate is kaolin or metakaolin.
6 . The cement mix of claim 1 , wherein the alkali metasilicate and/or alkali silicate is selected from the group consisting of sodium metasilicate and sodium silicate.
7 . The cement mix of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic salt accelerator is selected from the group consisting of alkali sulfates, alkali aluminates, alkali carbonates, alkaline chlorides and alkali chlorides.
8 . The cement mix of claim 7 , wherein the inorganic salt accelerator is selected from the group consisting of sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, lithium sulfate, lithium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium aluminate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and sodium chloride.
9 . The cement mix of claim 1 , wherein (d) is an alkaline metal oxide.
10 . The cement mix of claim 9 , wherein the alkaline metal oxide is calcium oxide.
11 . The cement mix of claim 1 , wherein the reactive pozzolanic material is diatomaceous earth having a BET nitrogen adsorption specific surface area between from about 30 to about 100 m 2 /g.
12 . The cement mix of claim 11 , wherein the diatomaceous earth has a BET nitrogen adsorption specific surface area between from about 35 to about 55 m 2 /g.
13 . The cement mix of claim 1 , further comprising at least one lightweight density modifying agent.
14 . The cement mix of claim 13 , wherein the at least one lightweight density modifying agent is selected from the group consisting of glass spheres, ceramic spheres, plastic spheres, perlite, gilsonite, coal and nitrogen gas or air.
15 . A cement mix comprising:
(a) between from about 10 to about 70 weight percent of Portland cement or a mixture of two or more components selected from the group consisting of Portland cement, fly ash, slag, silica fume, gypsum, limestone and bentonite;
(b) between from about 10 to about 60 weight percent of diatomaceous earth;
(c) between from 0 to about 5 weight percent of alkali metasilicate and/or alkali silicate; and
(d) between from about 0.1 to about 20 weight percent of an accelerator of an inorganic salt and/or alkaline metal oxide.
16 . The cement mix of claim 15 , wherein up to 75 percent of the diatomaceous earth is replaced by an aluminum silicate.
17 . The cement mix of claim 15 , wherein the inorganic salt accelerator is selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate and sodium aluminate and mixtures thereof.
18 . The cement mix of claim 17 , wherein the accelerator is an inorganic salt selected from the group consisting of sodium aluminate, sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate such that between from about 0 to about 1 weight percent of the cement mix is sodium aluminate, between from about 0 to about 2 weight percent of the cement mix is sodium carbonate and between from about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent of the cement mix is sodium sulfate.
19 . The cement mix of claim 17 , wherein the accelerator is an inorganic salt selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate such that between from about 0.5 to about 2 weight percent of the cement mix is sodium carbonate and between from about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent of the cement mix is sodium sulfate.
20 . The cement mix of claim 17 , wherein the accelerator is sodium sulfate such that between from about 0.5 to about 20 weight of the cement mix is sodium sulfate.
21 . The cement mix of claim 15 , wherein up to about 25 percent of the diatomaceous earth is replaced with zeolite.
22 . The cement mix of claim 16 , wherein the aluminum silicate is kaolin or metakaolin.
23 . The cement mix of claim 15 , wherein up to about 75 percent of the diatomaceous earth is replaced with zeolite and aluminum silicate, the amount of diatomaceous earth replaced with zeolite being less than or equal to 25 percent.
24 . A cementitious slurry comprising water and the cement mix of claim 1 .
25 . The cementitious slurry of claim 24 , wherein the density of the cementitious slurry is less than or equal to 1500 kg/m 3 .
26 . The cementitious slurry of claim 25 , wherein the density of the cementitious slurry is less than or equal to 1300 kg/m 3 .
27 . A method of cementing within a subterranean formation for an oil well, gas well, water well, injection well, disposal well or storage well, the method comprising the steps of:
pumping the cementitious slurry of claim 1 into the subterranean formation; and
allowing the cementitious slurry to set.
28 . The method of claim 27 , wherein the compressive strength of the cementitious slurry, when set, is greater than or equal to 3.5 MPa after 48 hours at 15° C. or higher.
29 . A method of blocking, plugging or back filling a pipeline, mine shaft, tunnel or excavation, the method comprising the steps of:
pumping the cementitious slurry of claim 1 into the pipeline, mine shaft, tunnel or excavation; and
allowing the cementitious slurry to set.
30 . The method of claim 29 , wherein the compressive strength of the cementitious slurry, when set, is greater than or equal to 3.5 MPa after 48 hours at 30° C. or higher.
31 . A method of cementing a section of a well penetrating subterranean formation comprising the steps of:
introducing into the well the cementitious slurry of claim 1 ; and
allowing the slurry to set up in the well to provide zonal isolation in the wellbore.
32 . A cement mix comprising:
(a) Portland cement or a mixture comprising at least two components selected from the group consisting of Portland cement, fly ash, slag, silica fume, gypsum, limestone and bentonite;
(b) diatomaceous earth; and
(c) sodium sulfate.
33 . The cement mix of claim 32 , wherein the diatomaceous earth has a BET nitrogen adsorption specific surface area between from about 30 to about 100 m 2 /g.
34 . The cement mix of claim 33 , wherein the diatomaceous earth has a BET nitrogen adsorption specific surface area between from about 35 to about 55 m 2 /g.
35 . The cementitious slurry of claim 32 , wherein the cement mix further comprises up to 25 weight percent of zeolite.
36 . A method of cementing within a subterranean formation for an oil well, gas well, water well, injection well, disposal well or storage well, the method comprising the steps of:
pumping the cementitious slurry of claim 32 into the subterranean formation; and
allowing the cementitious slurry to set.
37 . A method of blocking, plugging or back filling a pipeline, mine shaft, tunnel or excavation, the method comprising the steps of:
pumping the cementitious slurry of claim 32 into the pipeline, mine shaft, tunnel or excavation; and
allowing the cementitious slurry to set.