Catalyst promoters for producing trifluoroiodomethane and pentafluoroiodoethane
View Patent ↗The present invention provides a process for the preparation of a fluoroiodoalkane compound represented by the formula CF 3 (CF 2 ) n —I, wherein n is 0 or 1. The process includes the step of contacting: (i) a compound represented by the formula CF 3 (CF 2 ) n —Y, wherein Y is selected from H, Cl, Br, and COOH and n is 0 or 1; (ii) a source of iodine; (iii) an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt catalyst supported on a carrier; and (iv) a catalyst promoter for the alkali or alkaline earth metal salt catalyst. The catalyst promoter includes at least one element selected from a transition metal element, a rare earth metal element, a main group element other than the alkali or alkaline earth metal element, any salts thereof, and any combinations thereof. The contacting is carried out at a temperature and pressure and for a length of time sufficient to produce the fluoroiodoalkane compound. The contacting may be carried out in the presence or absence of a solvent and in the presence or absence of oxygen.
1. A process for the preparation of a fluoroiodoalkane compound represented by the formula:
CF 3 (CF 2 ) n —I
wherein n is 0 or 1;
the process comprising contacting:
(i) a compound represented by the formula:
CF 3 (CF 2 ) n —Y
wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, and Br;
wherein n is 0 or 1;
(ii) a source of iodine;
(iii) an alkali metal salt catalyst selected from the group consisting of K, Rb and Cs, and
(iv) a catalyst promoter in the range of from 0.01 to 50% by weight of the entire catalyst weight,
at a temperature for a length of time sufficient to produce the fluoroiodoalkane compound; and
wherein the catalyst promoter comprises V 2 O 5 .
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of oxygen.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction is carried out in the absence of oxygen.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst carrier is carbonaceous.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst carrier is non-carbonaceous.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the source of iodine is a compound selected from the group consisting of I 2 , HI, ICl, IF 5 , and any combination thereof.
7. The process of claim 6 , wherein the source of iodine is I 2 .
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the step of contacting is carried out at a temperature from about 300° C. to about 600° C.
9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the step of contacting is carried out at a temperature from about 400° C. to about 550° C.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the step of contacting is carried out at a pressure from about 0.1 atm to about 100 atm.
11. The process of claim 10 , wherein the step of contacting is carried out at a pressure from about 0.5 atm to about 5 atm.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the step of contacting is carried out for a length of time from about 0.01 seconds to about 300 hours.
13. The process of claim 12 , wherein the step of contacting is carried out for a length of time from about 0.05 seconds to about 10 hours.
14. The process of claim 12 , wherein the step of contacting is carried out for a length of time from about 1 second to about 10 minutes.
15. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process is a batch process.
16. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process is a continuous process.
17. The process of claim 1 , wherein the contacting is carried out in a fixed-bed reactor.
18. The process of claim 1 , wherein the contacting is carried out in a moving-bed reactor.
19. The process of claim 1 , further comprising a diluent selected from the group consisting of a gas, a solvent, and a combination thereof.
20. The process of claim 19 , wherein the diluent is a gas selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, helium, argon and any combination thereof.
21. The process of claim 19 , wherein the diluent is a solvent of a liquid or gaseous fluorocarbon.
22. The process of claim 1 , further comprising at least one step selected from the group consisting of the following:
a) passing the trifluoromethyl iodide through a scrubber containing an aqueous alkali solution;
b) passing the trifluoromethyl iodide through a scrubber containing a drying agent;
c) cooling at a temperature below the boiling temperature of the trifluoromethyl iodide to condense; and
d) isolating the trifluoromethyl iodide from the reaction mixture in substantially pure form.
23. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is present at 7.5 wt. %.
24. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst promoter is present at 1 wt. %.
25. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst promoter is present at 2 wt. %.
26. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst promoter is present at 5 wt. %.
27. A process for the preparation of a fluoroiodoalkane compound represented by the formula:
CF 3 (CF 2 ) n —I
wherein n is 0 or 1;
the process comprising contacting:
(i) a compound represented by the formula:
CF 3 (CF 2 ) n —Y
wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, and Br;
wherein n is 0 or 1;
(ii) a source of iodine;
(iii) an alkali metal salt catalyst selected from the group consisting of K, Rb and Cs, and
(iv) a catalyst promoter in the range of from 0.01 to 50% by weight of the entire catalyst weight,
at a temperature for a length of time sufficient to produce the fluoroiodoalkane compound and
wherein the catalyst promoter comprises Sm 2 O 3 .
28. The process of claim 27 , wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of oxygen.
29. The process of claim 27 , wherein the reaction is carried out in the absence of oxygen.
30. The process of claim 27 , wherein the catalyst carrier is carbonaceous.
31. The process of claim 27 , wherein the catalyst carrier is non-carbonaceous.
32. The process of claim 27 , wherein the source of iodine is a compound selected from the group consisting of I 2 , HI, ICl, IF 5 , and any combination thereof.
33. The process of claim 27 , wherein the source of iodine is I 2 .
34. The process of claim 27 , wherein the step of contacting is carried out at a temperature from about 300° C. to about 600° C.
35. The process of claim 27 , wherein the step of contacting is carried out at a temperature from about 400° C. to about 550° C.
36. The process of claim 27 , wherein the step of contacting is carried out at a pressure from about 0.1 atm to about 100 atm.
37. The process of claim 27 , wherein the step of contacting is carried out at a pressure from about 0.5 atm to about 5 atm.
38. The process of claim 27 , wherein the step of contacting is carried out for a length of time from about 0.01 seconds to about 300 hours.
39. The process of claim 27 , wherein the step of contacting is carried out for a length of time from about 0.05 seconds to about 10 hours.
40. The process of claim 27 , wherein the step of contacting is carried out for a length of time from about 1 second to about 10 minutes.
41. The process of claim 27 , wherein the process is a batch process.
42. The process of claim 27 , wherein the process is a continuous process.
43. The process of claim 27 , wherein the contacting is carried out in a fixed-bed reactor.
44. The process of claim 27 , wherein the contacting is carried out in a moving-bed reactor.
45. The process of claim 27 , further comprising a diluent selected from the group consisting of a gas, a solvent, and a combination thereof.
46. The process of claim 27 , wherein the diluent is a gas selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, helium, argon and any combination thereof.
47. The process of claim 27 , wherein the diluent is a solvent of a liquid or gaseous fluorocarbon.
48. The process of claim 27 , further comprising at least one step selected from the group consisting of the following:
a) passing the trifluoromethyl iodide through a scrubber containing an aqueous alkali solution;
b) passing the trifluoromethyl iodide through a scrubber containing a drying agent;
c) cooling at a temperature below the boiling temperature of the trifluoromethyl iodide to condense; and
d) isolating the trifluoromethyl iodide from the reaction mixture in substantially pure form.
49. The process of claim 27 , wherein the catalyst is present at 7.5 wt. %.
50. The process of claim 27 , wherein the catalyst promoter is present at 1 wt. %.
51. The process of claim 27 , wherein the catalyst promoter is present at 2 wt. %.
52. The process of claim 27 , wherein the catalyst promoter is present at 5 wt. %.